Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios for adverse outcomes, by reproductive health risk factor categories
| Nulliparous / Age <18 | Nulliparous / Age 18-<35 | Parity ≥3 / Age 18-<35 | Parity ≥3 / Age ≥35 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | N* | aOR | 95% CI | N* | aOR | 95% CI | N* | aOR | 95% CI | N* | aOR | 95% CI |
| SGA (reference: AGA) | 14 | 1.80 | 1.62, 2.01 | 14 | 1.51 | 1.39, 1.64 | 14 | 0.92 | 0.86, 0.99 | 13 | 0.98 | 0.87, 1.09 |
| Preterm (reference: term) | 14 | 1.52 | 1.40, 1.66 | 14 | 1.09 | 0.99, 1.21 | 14 | 1.20 | 1.06, 1.35 | 12 | 1.43 | 1.21, 1.69 |
| Term-SGA (reference: term-AGA) | 14 | 1.81 | 1.51, 2.16 | 14 | 1.64 | 1.46, 1.85 | 14 | 0.88 | 0.81, 0.96 | 13 | 1.06 | 0.93, 1.20 |
| Preterm-AGA (reference: term-AGA) | 13 | 1.75 | 1.56, 1.98 | 13 | 1.30 | 1.09, 1.54 | 13 | 1.13 | 0.98, 1.30 | 12 | 1.39 | 1.16, 1.65 |
| Preterm-SGA (reference: term-AGA) | 11 | 3.14 | 2.18, 4.53 | 14 | 2.67 | 1.97, 3.61 | 13 | 1.07 | 0.83, 1.38 | 12 | 1.24 | 1.06, 1.44 |
| Neonatal Mortality | 12 | 2.07 | 1.69, 2.54 | 13 | 1.28 | 1.07, 1.51 | 12 | 1.30 | 1.11, 1.51 | 10 | 1.66 | 1.23, 2.23 |
| Infant Mortality | 8 | 1.49 | 1.13, 1.97 | 8 | 1.11 | 0.82, 1.52 | 8 | 1.40 | 1.04, 1.89 | 8 | 1.36 | 0.92, 2.03 |
*N=number of studies included in the meta-analysis
Controlled for socioeconomic and maternal nutritional variables from Supplemental Table 1 in Additional file 1.
Reference exposure: parity 1-2 / Age 18-<35.
SGA = small-for-gestational-age, defined as below the 10th percentile of the U.S. 1991 reference distribution described by Alexander and colleagues [38]. AGA = appropriate-for-gestational-age. Preterm = below 37 completed weeks of gestation.