Table 5.

Surgical procedures for primary tumor and ORN management

Stage	Tumor	Primary ORN surgery	Other ORN surgery
1	T3N0 soft palate	N/A	N/A
	T2N0 retromolar trigone	N/A	N/A
	T4N2 tonsil	Local debridement	N/A
	T2N0 retromolar trigone	Local debridement	N/A
	T3N0 tongue	Marginal resection	Local debridement, dental procedures
2	T3N0 tongue	Mandibular resection, sequestrectomy	Sequestrectomy
	T2N1 tongue	Segmental resection, FFF	Iliac crest bone graft
	T4N2 tonsil	Segmental resection, osteocutaneous lat dorsi and parascapular free flap	N/A
3	T2N2 tongue	Sequestrectomy and saucerisation	Mandibular resection; Re-resection, FFF, pectoralis major flap
	T2N2 parotid	Partial mandibulectomy, FFF	RFFF
	T4N1 tonsil	Mandibulectomy, FFF, pectoralis major flap	Iliac crest bone graft
	T2N0 tonsil	Mandibular resection, reconstructive plate	N/A
	T2N0 tonsil	Segmental resection, reconstructive plate	Replacement plate, iliac crest bone graft
	T2N0 buccal mucosa	Marginal resection	Local debridement

ALT anterolateral thigh free flap, FFF fibula osteocutaneous free flap, N/A not available, ORN osteoradionecrosis, RFFF radial forearm free flap.