Table 3.
Types and sources of modern contraceptive methods used, by wealth and education1: Urban Kenya - 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008/09
| 1993 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008/09 | All surveys | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1. Type of methods used |
|
|
|
|
|
| Short term2 |
61.0 |
66.4 |
72.7 |
81.7 |
72.2 |
| Long acting3 |
25.2 |
19.2 |
17.0 |
11.9 |
17.2 |
| Permanent4 |
13.8 |
14.4 |
10.4 |
6.5 |
10.7 |
| Use of long acting and permanent methods by Household wealth5 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Poor |
23.7 |
26.2 |
25.5 |
13.6 |
20.5 |
| Middle |
38.8 |
24.2 |
21.4 |
11.7 |
20.9 |
| Rich |
43.9 |
43.5 |
33.0 |
30.6 |
37.6 |
| p-value6 |
0.131 |
0.012 |
0.004 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
| Rich/poor ratio |
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
2.3 |
1.8 |
| Use of long acting and permanent methods by education |
|
|
|
|
|
| None/Primary7 |
35.8 |
25.6 |
20.1 |
11.8 |
21.4 |
| Secondary+ |
41.0 |
38.8 |
31.8 |
22.1 |
31.8 |
| p-value |
0.566 |
0.035 |
0.003 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
| Secondary+/primary ratio |
1.1 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
|
2. Source of method used8 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Public |
56.5 |
52.6 |
44.9 |
49.2 |
50.1 |
| Private/other |
43.5 |
47.4 |
55.1 |
50.8 |
49.9 |
| Use of private/other sources by Household wealth |
|
|
|
|
|
| Poor |
30.0 |
45.6 |
34.3 |
31.7 |
34.1 |
| Middle |
23.2 |
34.8 |
47.1 |
51.5 |
42.3 |
| Rich |
60.9 |
57.7 |
73.4 |
67.1 |
64.9 |
| p-value |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
| Rich/poor ratio |
2.0 |
1.3 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
| Use of private/other sources by education |
|
|
|
|
|
| None/Primary |
39.9 |
42.4 |
38.0 |
45.8 |
41.9 |
| Secondary+ |
45.7 |
50.7 |
65.9 |
53.7 |
54.9 |
| p-value |
0.435 |
0.330 |
0.000 |
0.034 |
0.000 |
| Secondary+/primary ratio |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
| N (un-weighted) | 222 | 318 | 550 | 626 | 1,716 |
1Weighted percentages.
2Short-term methods: pills, injections, spermicides, condoms and lactational amenorrhea.
3Long-term methods: intra-uterine device (IUD) and implants.
4 Permanent methods: male and female sterilization.
5The wealth variable is constructed at the household level (for each urban sample). Women are thus not evenly distributed in the three wealth groups.
6p-value based on Chi-square tests.
7Less than 3% of women in the sample had no education.
8The source of method is categorised as Public (n = 800), Private (n = 821) and Other (n = 95), with Other including NGOs.