Figure 1. Experiment 1: at the behavioural level, speaker identity is better elicited by caricatures (blue) than replicas (green).

Each participant listened to the set of audio files containing a single target and its imitations (caricatures and replicas) and associated them with the identity of the corresponding public figure using a scale from 1 (the voice does not belong to the public figure) to 5 (the voice definitely belongs to the public figure). In the upper panels we show the distributions of gradings for the 3 targets T₁, T₂ and T₃ across imitation types. In the lower panels, we show the grades (mean ± sd) for the targets (red), replicas (green) and caricatures (blue) for T₁ and T₂.