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. 2013 Oct 30;5(11):4316–4332. doi: 10.3390/nu5114316

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© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Effect of fRG on HFD-induced kidney damages. The representative histological images of kidney (A) were stained with H & E (Scale bars = 80 μm). The number of vacuolated tubules among 100 tubules (B), BUN (C), and creatinine (D) in blood were measured in ND-, HFD-, HFD + simvastatin-, HFD + silymarin-, HFD + metformin-, HFD + RG- and HFD + fRG-fed mice. All values were expressed mean ± S.D. of eight mice (Significant as compared with ND-fed mice, ^a p < 0.01; ^b p < 0.05; significant as compared with HFD-fed mice; ^c p < 0.01; ^d p < 0.05).