Table 1.
Food grouping used in the dietary pattern analyses.
| Foods or Food Groups | Food Items |
|---|---|
| Potatoes | Potatoes |
| Cooked vegetables | Leafy vegetables, root vegetables, cabbages, onion, carrots, mushrooms, egg plants, artichokes, sweet peppers, spinach, pumpkins, canned vegetables in oil, picked vegetables |
| Raw vegetables | Raw leafy vegetables, raw tomatoes |
| Tomatoes (cooked) | Tomato sauces, tomatoes |
| Legumes | Beans, lentils, peas, chick peas |
| Fruit | Apples, pears, kiwi, bananas, grapes, peaches, apricots, oranges, tangerines, plums, strawberries, melon, khaki, figs, cherries |
| Nuts and dried fruit | Peanuts, almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, dried figs, dried dates, prune |
| Olives | Olives |
| Milk | Milk |
| Yogurt | Yogurt |
| Fresh cheese | Mozzarella, ricotta cheese, taleggio cheese, gorgonzola cheese, melted cheese slices, other soft cream cheese |
| Seasoned cheese | Fontina cheese, emmenthal, gruyere, parmesan, caciocavallo cheese, other seasoned cheese |
| Pasta and other grains | Pasta, yellow maize meal |
| Rice | Rice |
| Bread | White bread, bread with oil, and other bread |
| Crisp bread, rusks | Breads sticks, crisp bread |
| Breakfast cereals | Breakfast cereals |
| Salty biscuits | Crackers |
| Red meat | Beef, pork, lamb, horse, game, veal, other meats |
| White meat | Chicken, turkey, rabbit |
| Processed meat | Sausages, ham, bologna sausage, dried beef, salami |
| Offals | Liver, offals |
| Canned fish | Canned tuna fish and other fish |
| Crustaceans, molluscs | Crustaceans, molluscs |
| Fish | Other fish |
| Egg | Eggs |
| Vegetables oils | Seed oils (except olive oils) |
| Olive oil | Olive oil |
| Butter | Butter |
| Margarines | Margarines |
| Animal fats | Visible fat from meat, poultry skin, fat from ham |
| Sugar & sweets | Sugar, honey, cakes, ice cream, confections, pastry, pudding |
| Fruit juices | Orange juice, grapefruit juices, other fruit juices |
| Soft drinks | Soft drinks |
| Coffee | Coffee |
| Tea | Tea |
| Other sauces | Dressing sauces for pasta other than tomato sauce |
| Mayonnaises | Mayonnaises |
| Soups | Vegetable soups |
| Bouillon | Meat and stock-cube broth |
| Snacks | Vegetable quiche |
| Pizza | Pizza |
| Wine | Red wine, rosé wine, white wine |
| Spirits | Alcoholic beverages other than wine or beer |
| Beer | Beer |