Table 3.
Characteristics of CKD and non-CKD patients who experience Agency for Healthcare and Research Quality (AHRQ) and candidate CKD patient safety indicators (PSIs; n=247,160)
| Characteristic | CKD (n=71,156) | Non-CKDa (n=176,004) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| +CKD PSI, −AHRQ PSI | −CKD PSI, +AHRQ PSI | +CKD PSI, +AHRQ PSI | −CKD PSI, −AHRQ PSI | +CKD PSI, −AHRQ PSI | −CKD PSI, +AHRQ PSI | +CKD PSI, +AHRQ PSI | −CKD PSI, −AHRQ PSI | |
| Patients (row %) | 20,528 (28.8) | 877 (1.2) | 1184 (1.7) | 48,567 (68.3) | 30,040 (17.1) | 2082 (1.2) | 1830 (1.0) | 142,052 (80.7) |
| Sex (column %) | ||||||||
| Men | 19,935 (97.1) | 853 (97.3) | 1153 (97.4) | 46,903 (96.6) | 28,958 (96.4) | 2021 (97.1) | 1780 (97.3) | 135,412 (95.3) |
| Women | 593 (2.9) | 24 (2.7) | 31 (2.6) | 1664 (3.4) | 1082 (3.6) | 61 (2.9) | 50 (2.7) | 6640 (4.7) |
| Race | ||||||||
| Black | 3399 (16.6) | 190 (21.7) | 222 (18.8) | 7555 (15.6) | 5924 (19.7) | 368 (17.7) | 353 (19.3) | 27,532 (19.4) |
| Other | 17,129 (83.4) | 687 (78.3) | 962 (81.2) | 41,012 (84.4) | 24,116 (80.3) | 1714 (82.3) | 1477 (80.7) | 114,520 (80.6) |
| Age (yr)b | 72.3±10.9 | 71.7±10.4 | 70.2±10.2 | 71.3±10.8 | 65.1±12.7 | 64.7±11.4 | 65.1±11.6 | 62.0±12.4 |
| <45 | 147 (0.7) | 6 (0.7) | 9 (0.8) | 462 (1.0) | 1296 (4.3) | 72 (3.5) | 59 (3.2) | 9321 (6.6) |
| 45–60 | 3468 (16.9) | 130 (14.8) | 226 (19.0) | 8465 (17.4) | 11,090 (36.9) | 765 (36.7) | 665 (36.3) | 62,450 (44.0) |
| 61–75 | 7523 (36.7) | 391 (44.6) | 568 (48.0) | 19,720 (40.6) | 10,006 (33.3) | 832 (40.0) | 741 (40.5) | 46,221 (32.5) |
| 76+ | 9390 (45.7) | 350 (39.9) | 381 (32.2) | 19,920 (41.0) | 7648 (25.5) | 413 (19.8) | 365 (20.0) | 24,060 (16.9) |
| CCI | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 2548 (12.4) | 128 (14.6) | 135 (11.4) | 9732 (20.0) | 8014 (26.7) | 569 (27.3) | 416 (22.7) | 56,031 (39.4) |
| 2–3 | 5897 (28.7) | 244 (27.8) | 302 (25.5) | 15,819 (32.6) | 9836 (32.7) | 729 (35.0) | 576 (31.5) | 46,870 (33.0) |
| ≥4 | 12,083 (58.9) | 505 (57.6) | 747 (63.1) | 23,016 (47.4) | 12,190 (40.6) | 784 (37.7) | 838 (45.8) | 39,151 (27.6) |
| Cancer | ||||||||
| No | 14,410 (70.2) | 578 (65.9) | 753 (63.6) | 33,829 (69.7) | 21,492 (71.5) | 1302 (62.5) | 1149 (62.8) | 106,094 (74.7) |
| Yes | 6118 (29.8) | 299 (34.1) | 431 (36.4) | 14,738 (30.3) | 8548 (28.5) | 780 (37.5) | 681 (37.2) | 35,958 (25.3) |
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | 9149 (44.6) | 418 (47.7) | 525 (44.3) | 24,202 (49.8) | 18,744 (62.4) | 1349 (64.8) | 1188 (64.9) | 94,096 (66.2) |
| Yes | 11,379 (55.4) | 459 (52.3) | 659 (55.7) | 24,365 (50.2) | 11,296 (37.6) | 733 (35.2) | 642 (35.1) | 47,956 (33.8) |
| CVD | ||||||||
| No | 5557 (27.1) | 355 (40.5) | 415 (35.0) | 21,507 (44.3) | 15,335 (51.0) | 1394 (67.0) | 1049 (57.3) | 96,097 (67.7) |
| Yes | 14,971 (72.9) | 522 (59.5) | 769 (65.0) | 27,060 (55.7) | 14,705 (49.0) | 688 (33.0) | 781 (42.7) | 45,955 (32.3) |
| CKD Stage | ||||||||
| No CKD | — | — | — | — | 30,040 (100.0) | 2082 (100.0) | 1830 (100.0) | 142052 (100.0) |
| Stage 3ac | 9288 (45.3) | 399 (45.5) | 554 (46.8) | 27,527 (56.7) | — | — | — | — |
| Stage 3bd | 6478 (31.6) | 249 (28.4) | 342 (28.9) | 13,199 (27.2) | — | — | — | — |
| Stage 4 or 5d | 4762 (23.1) | 229 (26.1) | 288 (24.3) | 7841 (16.1) | — | — | — | — |
| LOS (d) | ||||||||
| 0–2 | 5262 (25.6) | 69 (7.9) | 73 (6.2) | 18,743 (38.6) | 8192 (27.3) | 204 (9.8) | 169 (9.3) | 59,561 (41.9) |
| 3–6 | 7817 (38.1) | 157 (17.9) | 161 (13.6) | 18,382 (37.9) | 11,352 (37.8) | 366 (17.6) | 319 (17.4) | 52,785 (37.2) |
| 7+ | 7449 (36.3) | 651 (74.2) | 950 (80.2) | 11,442 (23.5) | 10,496 (34.9) | 1512 (72.6) | 1342 (73.3) | 29,706 (20.9) |
All comparisons (except for race among the controls) were significant at P<0.01. CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LOS, length of hospital stay.
a
Controls: GFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
b
Mean ± SD.
c
Stage 3a: GFR=45–59.99 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
d
Stage 3b: GFR=30–44.99 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
e
Stage 4 or 5: GFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2.