Table 1.
Characteristics of BWHS participants by parental and current educational status
| Parental Education | Current Education | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics of Participant (%)* |
<High School (n=3446) |
High School (n=6173) |
Some college (n=5765 ) |
College Graduate (n=6073) |
≤High School (n=1424) |
Some college (n=5168) |
College Graduate (n=14,865) |
| Early life influences | |||||||
| Preterm as infant | 4.2 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 8.0 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 6.8 |
| Breastfed as infant | 30.3 | 21.5 | 23.1 | 29.3 | 17.4 | 21.5 | 27.8 |
| Mother smoked during pregnancy |
13.3 | 12.9 | 13.7 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 13.3 | 12.8 |
| Passive smoke in childhood home |
47.0 | 49.7 | 50.6 | 45.9 | 43.9 | 48.1 | 49.0 |
| Felt danger in childhood home 4+ times |
8.2 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 7.6 |
| Felt danger in childhood neighborhood 4+ times |
5.3 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 4.8 |
| Born in the southern U.S. |
39.5 | 30.9 | 24.6 | 26.0 | 31.1 | 29.6 | 28.9 |
| Mother <age 20 at birth | 11.3 | 15.1 | 14.6 | 11.2 | 13.5 | 15.0 | 12.6 |
| Adult characteristics | |||||||
| Alcohol consumption 1+ drink/week |
39.0 | 41.4 | 43.4 | 46.9 | 41.7 | 41.9 | 43.7 |
| Current smoker | 11.4 | 10.0 | 9.4 | 7.8 | 21.1 | 14.5 | 6.6 |
| 3+ hrs/week vigorous exercise |
16.5 | 18.4 | 19.0 | 22.6 | 8.7 | 14.1 | 22.3 |
| 3+ hrs/week walk for exercise |
29.7 | 29.0 | 28.6 | 27.4 | 26.4 | 29.8 | 28.3 |
| Highest quintile Recommended Food Score |
11.4 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 6.7 | 10.2 | 14.8 |
| Participant education | |||||||
| <HS | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 9.1 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| HS | 16.2 | 13.1 | 6.3 | 3.9 | 90.5 | 8.2 | 1.7 |
| Some college | 33.5 | 30.6 | 28.1 | 19.4 | - | 91.2 | 7.6 |
| College graduate | 48.4 | 55.4 | 65.1 | 76.4 | - | - | 90.7 |
| Spouse education among women married/living as married |
|||||||
| <HS | 7.0 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 17.4 | 6.4 | 1.8 |
| HS | 19.9 | 21.2 | 12.6 | 8.6 | 62.2 | 24.5 | 9.4 |
| Some college | 31.6 | 31.1 | 32.6 | 27.3 | - | 59.1 | 24.0 |
| College graduate | 34.2 | 37.6 | 43.5 | 56.4 | - | - | 59.5 |
| Mean (SD) (range) of characteristic† |
|||||||
| Age in 1995** | 33.7 (4.9) |
32.2 (5.2) |
30.9 (5.4) |
30.3 (5.3) |
32.4 (5.3) |
32.0 (5.3) |
31.3 (5.4) |
| Weight (kg) at age 18 | 59.5 (12.6) (38.6- 163.3) |
59.4 (12.2) (36.3- 147.4) |
59.6 (12.3) (36.3- 180.5) |
59.9 (12.2) (33.6- 152.0) |
61.0 (13.5) (36.3- 138.3) |
60.0 (12.6) (36.3- 145.1) |
59.3 (12.1) (33.6- 180.5) |
| Weight (kg) in 2009 | 86.7 (21.2) (−45.8- 123.1) |
84.9 (21.0) (38.6- 249.7) |
84.5 (20.8) (40.4- 204.3) |
82.8 (21.1) (41.8- 199.8) |
89.1 (23.2) (41.8- 202.0) |
87.9 (22.1) (40.9- 249.7) |
82.9 (20.3) (38.6- 193.4) |
| Weight change (kg) between age 18 and in 2009 |
27.1 (16.8) (−45.8- 123.1) |
25.5 (16.3) (−60.3- 124.0) |
24.8 (16.6) (−93.4- 126.3) |
22.9 (16.7) (−50.7- 120.4) |
28.1 (18.5) (−60.3- 126.3) |
27.8 (17.4) (−45.3- 124.0) |
23.6 (16.0) (−93.4- 123.1) |
*
P-values from chi-squared tests are <0.001 for all variables with the exception of walked 3+hrs/week for exercise by both parental and current education, for which p-values are >0.05.
†
P values from ANOVA are <0.001 for all variables with exception of weight at age 18 by parental education for which p-value is >0.05.
**
Range of age in all categories = 20-40 years.