Table 3.
Associations between psychological violence (life-time), socio-demographic and psychosocial factors
| |
Psychological violence |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Men: N = 399 (Exposed N = 123) |
Women: N = 573 (Exposed N = 212) |
||||
| Men (N) | Exposed % (N) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Women (N) | Exposed N (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | |
|
Age groups |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 60–65 |
71 |
13.8 (17) |
1 |
67 |
8.5 (18) |
1 |
| 50–59 |
98 |
20.3 (25) |
1.12 (0.55–2.28) |
136 |
19.8 (42) |
1.21 (0.63–2.32) |
| 40–49 |
96 |
25.2 (31) |
1.52 (0.76–3.03) |
125 |
24.1 (51) |
1.85 (0.97–3.55) |
| 30–39 |
77 |
20.3 (25) |
1.53 (0.74–3.15) |
138 |
27.4 (58) |
1.92 (1.01–3.64) |
| 18–29 |
57 |
20.3 (25) |
2.56 (1.20–3.42) |
107 |
20.3 (43) |
1.75 (0.90–3.42) |
|
Civil Status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Married/cohabitant/registered partnership |
296 |
59.3 (73) |
1 |
420 |
60.5 (127) |
1 |
| Boyfriend/girlfriend |
53 |
17.1 (21) |
2.05 (1.11–3.79) |
64 |
12.9 (27) |
1.70 (0.99–2.91) |
| Single/widowed/divorced |
48 |
23.6 (29) |
4.62 (2.45–8.73) |
85 |
26.7 (56) |
4.52 (2.74–7.45) |
|
Duration of Present Relationship |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| >10 yrs |
227 |
45.9 (45) |
1 |
288 |
48.1 (76) |
1 |
| 4–10 yrs |
62 |
27.6 (27) |
3.09 (1.70–5.62) |
115 |
27.2 (43) |
1.64 (1.04–2.60) |
| ≤ 3 yrs |
34 |
26.5 (26) |
2.81 (1.55–5.11) |
82 |
24.7 (39) |
2.46 (1.48–4.08) |
|
Country of birth |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sweden |
356 |
90.2 (110) |
1 |
517 |
91.5 (193) |
1 |
| Outside Sweden |
43 |
9.8 (12) |
0.99 (0.50–1.99) |
54 |
8.5 (18) |
0.89 (0.50–1.61) |
|
Partner’s country of birth |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sweden |
349 |
84.6 (104) |
1 |
494 |
83.5 (177) |
1 |
| Outside Sweden |
50 |
15.4 (19) |
1.43 (0.77–2.64) |
79 |
16.5 (35) |
1.43 (0.88–2.31) |
|
Educational level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| University |
156 |
46.3 (56) |
1 |
270 |
49.5 (105) |
1 |
| High school (10–12 yrs) |
173 |
43.0 (52) |
0.64 (0.39–1.03) |
211 |
38.7 (82) |
0.96 (0.67–1.40) |
| Compulsory (≤9 yrs) |
67 |
10.7 (13) |
0.29 (0.13–0.61) |
91 |
11.8 (25) |
0.589 (0.348–0.997) |
|
Annual Income (SEK) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 310,000 or more |
163 |
39.8 (49) |
1 |
87 |
16.0 (34) |
1 |
| 235,000–309,999 |
107 |
26.0 (32) |
0.98 (0.58–1.68) |
143 |
25.0 (53) |
0.83 (0.48–1.45) |
| 160,000–234,999 |
52 |
13.8 (17) |
1.12 (0.57–2.19) |
175 |
29.2 (62) |
0.76 (0.44–1.30) |
| 0–159,999 |
77 |
20.3 (25) |
1.15 (0.64–2.07) |
168 |
29.7 (63) |
0.83 (0.48–1.42) |
|
Employment status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Employed |
329 |
81.0 (98) |
1 |
396 |
68.2 (144) |
1 |
| Student, retired, sick-leave, parental leave or leave of absence, unemployed, other |
66 |
19.0 (23) |
1.24 (0.71–2.18) |
172 |
31.8 (67) |
1.11 (0.77–1.61) |
|
Partner’s employment status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Employed |
262 |
64.5 (71) |
1 |
414 |
77.1 (138) |
1 |
| Student, retired, sick-leave, parental leave or leave of absence, unemployed, other |
121 |
35.5 (39) |
1.28 (0.80–2.05) |
111 |
22.9 (41) |
1.14 (0.74–1.77) |
|
Children living at home |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
206 |
52.5 (64) |
1 |
297 |
50.0 (150) |
1 |
| Yes |
190 |
47.5 (58) |
0.97 (0.63–1.47) |
270 |
50.0 (105) |
1.17 (0.83–1.65) |
|
Access to social support |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Good |
251 |
53.3 (65) |
1 |
361 |
53.6 (111) |
1 |
| Poor/moderate |
139 |
46.7 (57) |
1.97 (1.27–3.06) |
199 |
46.4 (96) |
2.06 (1.44–2.95) |
|
Grown up in a home with violence |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
357 |
83.5 (101) |
1 |
510 |
82.5 (170) |
1 |
| Yes/Unsure | 38 | 16.5 (20) | 2.78 (1.41–5.48) | 55 | 17.5 (36) | 3.92 (2.16–7.10) |
Total sample n = 972.