Table 4.
Prevalence and likelihood of poor health-related quality of life measures by lung function category and presence of respiratory symptoms among US adults aged 40–79 - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2010
| %a (SE) | Unadjusted PRa (95%CI) | Adjusted PRb (95%CI) | Adjusted PRc (95%CI) | Adjusted PRd (95%CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fair or poor health |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lung function category |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Normal lung function |
14.3 |
(1.0) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
| Restrictive impairment |
33.1 |
(3.4) |
2.3 |
(1.82-2.95) |
1.6 |
(1.24-1.95) |
1.5 |
(1.20-1.90) |
1.5 |
(1.21-1.93) |
| Mild obstruction |
11.1 |
(1.3) |
0.8 |
(0.60-1.00) |
1.0 |
(0.76-1.23) |
1.0 |
(0.77-1.22) |
1.0 |
(0.77-1.22) |
| Moderate-severe obstruction |
26.0 |
(2.3) |
1.8 |
(1.53-2.16) |
1.6 |
(1.39-1.91) |
1.5 |
(1.25-1.77) |
1.5 |
(1.25-1.78) |
|
Chronic respiratory symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Frequent cough |
28.2 |
(2.1) |
1.9 |
(1.57-2.26) |
1.4 |
(1.17-1.77) |
|
|
1.1 |
(0.87-1.47) |
| No frequent cough |
15.0 |
(1.0) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Frequent phlegm |
33.1 |
(2.4) |
2.2 |
(1.87-2.63) |
1.6 |
(1.27-1.94) |
|
|
1.3 |
(1.00-1.74) |
| No frequent phlegm |
14.9 |
(1.0) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Past year wheeze |
29.8 |
(2.5) |
2.1 |
(1.79-2.41) |
1.4 |
(1.21-1.73) |
|
|
1.3 |
(1.03-1.56) |
| No past year wheeze |
14.4 |
(0.9) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Any |
28.2 |
(1.8) |
2.1 |
(1.87-2.44) |
1.6 |
(1.38-1.80) |
1.5 |
(1.30-1.71) |
|
|
| None |
13.2 |
(0.9) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
|
Frequent physical distresse |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lung function category |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Normal lung function |
10.2 |
(1.0) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
| Restrictive impairment |
18.4 |
(2.3) |
1.8 |
(1.28-2.54) |
1.2 |
(0.81-1.78) |
1.2 |
(0.77-1.74) |
1.2 |
(0.78-1.76) |
| Mild obstruction |
10.2 |
(1.5) |
1.0 |
(0.70-1.45) |
1.1 |
(0.76-1.56) |
1.1 |
(0.76-1.55) |
1.1 |
(0.76-1.52) |
| Moderate-severe obstruction |
15.8 |
(1.9) |
1.6 |
(1.20-2.01) |
1.2 |
(0.94-1.62) |
1.1 |
(0.83-1.47) |
1.1 |
(0.79-1.41) |
|
Chronic respiratory symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Frequent cough |
21.7 |
(2.4) |
2.2 |
(1.80-2.57) |
1.6 |
(1.27-1.90) |
|
|
1.1 |
(0.87-1.33) |
| No frequent cough |
10.1 |
(0.7) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Frequent phlegm |
26.8 |
(3.7) |
2.7 |
(2.12-3.40) |
1.9 |
(1.43-2.50) |
|
|
1.6 |
(1.15-2.18) |
| No frequent phlegm |
10.0 |
(0.7) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Past year wheeze |
24.1 |
(2.3) |
2.6 |
(2.07-3.18) |
1.8 |
(1.43-2.22) |
|
|
1.6 |
(1.21-2.08) |
| No past year wheeze |
9.4 |
(0.8) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Any |
20.5 |
(1.9) |
2.3 |
(1.98-2.73) |
1.6 |
(1.40-1.91) |
1.6 |
(1.36-1.91) |
|
|
| None |
8.8 |
(0.7) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
|
Frequent mental distressf |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lung function category |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Normal lung function |
11.3 |
(0.7) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
| Restrictive impairment |
15.7 |
(1.9) |
1.4 |
(1.09-1.75) |
1.2 |
(0.97-1.52) |
1.2 |
(0.93-1.44) |
1.2 |
(0.95-1.47) |
| Mild obstruction |
9.6 |
(1.8) |
0.8 |
(0.56-1.28) |
1.0 |
(0.71-1.46) |
1.0 |
(0.73-1.44) |
1.0 |
(0.73-1.43) |
| Moderate-severe obstruction |
12.5 |
(2.0) |
1.1 |
(0.79-1.56) |
1.0 |
(0.72-1.40) |
0.9 |
(0.61-1.26) |
0.9 |
(0.60-1.23) |
|
Chronic respiratory symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Frequent cough |
22.1 |
(2.3) |
2.1 |
(1.71-2.67) |
1.7 |
(1.33-2.21) |
|
|
1.4 |
(0.99-1.96) |
| No frequent cough |
10.3 |
(0.6) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Frequent phlegm |
22.9 |
(2.7) |
2.2 |
(1.70-2.73) |
1.7 |
(1.32-2.27) |
|
|
1.3 |
(0.91-1.84) |
| No frequent phlegm |
10.6 |
(0.6) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Past year wheeze |
21.9 |
(2.1) |
2.2 |
(1.76-2.71) |
1.7 |
(1.30-2.12) |
|
|
1.5 |
(1.16-1.94) |
| No past year wheeze |
10.0 |
(0.6) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Any |
20.2 |
(1.7) |
2.2 |
(1.78-2.68) |
1.7 |
(1.40-2.18) |
1.8 |
(1.40-2.22) |
|
|
| None |
9.3 |
(0.6) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
|
Frequent activity limitationg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lung function category |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Normal lung function |
4.6 |
(0.6) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
| Restrictive impairment |
9.4 |
(1.7) |
2.0 |
(1.24-3.36) |
1.3 |
(0.75-2.11) |
1.2 |
(0.73-2.09) |
1.3 |
(0.74-2.11) |
| Mild obstruction |
4.7 |
(1.3) |
1.0 |
(0.54-1.92) |
1.1 |
(0.58-2.12) |
1.1 |
(0.58-2.12) |
1.1 |
(0.59-2.09) |
| Moderate-severe obstruction |
8.8 |
(1.6) |
1.9 |
(1.18-3.08) |
1.4 |
(0.82-2.39) |
1.3 |
(0.76-2.21) |
1.3 |
(0.75-2.13) |
|
Chronic respiratory symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Frequent cough |
11.2 |
(1.4) |
2.4 |
(1.93-3.03) |
1.5 |
(1.13-1.88) |
|
|
1.2 |
(0.81-1.71) |
| No frequent cough |
4.7 |
(0.4) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Frequent phlegm |
12.6 |
(1.4) |
2.7 |
(2.06-3.45) |
1.5 |
(1.14-2.10) |
|
|
1.3 |
(0.83-1.93) |
| No frequent phlegm |
4.7 |
(0.5) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Past year wheeze |
11.6 |
(1.4) |
2.6 |
(1.97-3.49) |
1.5 |
(1.07-2.10) |
|
|
1.3 |
(0.92-1.94) |
| No past year wheeze |
4.4 |
(0.5) |
1.0 |
-- |
1.0 |
-- |
|
|
1.0 |
-- |
| Any |
10.1 |
(1.1) |
2.5 |
(1.91-3.19) |
1.4 |
(1.09-1.92) |
1.4 |
(1.07-1.85) |
|
|
| None | 4.1 | (0.4) | 1.0 | -- | 1.0 | -- | 1.0 | -- | ||
a Unadjusted.
b Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) obtained from multivariable logistic regression models that included either lung function category or presence of any respiratory symptoms, as well as sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, number of non-respiratory chronic illnesses, smoking status, and BMI.
c Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) obtained from multivariable logistic regression model that included both lung function category and presence of any respiratory symptoms simultaneously and was adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, number of non-respiratory chronic illnesses, smoking status, and BMI.
d Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) obtained from multivariable logistic regression model that included both lung function category and each respiratory symptom simultaneously and was adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, number of non-respiratory chronic illnesses, smoking status, and BMI.
e Physical health not good ≥14 days during past 30 days.
f Mental health not good ≥14 days during past 30 days.
g Poor health limited usual activities ≥14 days during past 30 days.