Table 5.
Multivariable-adjusted standardized hazard ratios associated with average real variability in the test dataset
| Outcome (number of events) | 24-h average real variability | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure, HR (95% CI) | Diastolic blood pressure, HR (95% CI) | |
| Mortality | ||
| Total (n = 806) | ||
| Adjusted | 1.21 (1.12–1.30)* | 1.16 (1.08–1.23)* |
| Fully adjusted | 1.12 (1.03–1.21)*** | 1.12 (1.04–1.20)*** |
| Cardiovascular (n = 335) | ||
| Adjusted | 1.33 (1.20–1.48)* | 1.27 (1.16–1.38)* |
| Fully adjusted | 1.17 (1.04–1.31)*** | 1.19 (1.08–1.30)** |
| Cardiac (n = 335) | ||
| Adjusted | 1.38 (1.20–1.59)* | 1.24 (1.10–1.40)** |
| Fully adjusted | 1.24 (1.06–1.45)*** | 1.19 (1.05–1.35)*** |
| Fatal and nonfatal events combined | ||
| All cardiovascular (n = 696) | ||
| Adjusted | 1.19 (1.10–1.29)* | 1.13 (1.06–1.21)** |
| Fully adjusted | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) |
| Cardiac (n = 437) | ||
| Adjusted | 1.17 (1.06–1.29)*** | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) |
| Fully adjusted | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | 0.98 (0.89–1.09) |
| Cerebrovascular (n = 239) | ||
| Adjusted | 1.26 (1.11–1.43)** | 1.29 (1.16–1.42)* |
| Fully adjusted | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | 1.16 (1.04–1.29)*** |
Values are standardized hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) associated with 1 SD increase in average real variability (ARV) calculated using at least 48 readings. The SD of the ARV was 3.32mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and 2.66mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure. All HRs were computed by Cox regression, stratified for cohort, and adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, serum cholesterol, history of cardiovascular disease, and treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Fully adjusted models were additionally adjusted for the 24-hour blood pressure level.
Significance of the hazard ratios: *P < 0.0001; **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.01.