Table 1.
Complication | Description |
---|---|
Cerebral malaria |
Altered state of consciousness (irreversible coma), unconsciousness with the possibility of waking up, prostration, extreme weakness (patient cannot sit or stand), generalized convulsions or behavioral disturbance. |
Renal complication |
Serum creatinine > 3.0 mg/dl and/or urine vol < 400 ml in 24 hours (adults) or <12 ml/kg of body weight in 24 hours (children) |
Lung or respiratory distress syndrome |
Increased respiratory rate at admission, presence of abnormal lung sounds, such as wheezing, rhonchi, rales, and radiographic changes consistent with pulmonary oedema. |
Shock |
Systolic blood pressure <70 mm Hg in adults or <50 mm Hg in children. |
Hypoglycaemia |
Glucose < 40 mg/dl. |
Hyperemesis |
Uncontrollable and frequent vomiting, >5 times in 24 hours, which prevents anti-malarial treatment orally. |
Hyperpyrexia |
Axillary temperature >39.5°C |
Severe anemia |
Haematocrit < 15% or Hb <5 g/dl, Spontaneous bleeding or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acidaemia/acidosis (clinical signs), macroscopic haemoglobinuria |
Complicated malaria case |
Any patient with probable case of malaria complicated by the presence of asexual (trophozoites/schizonts) of P. falciparum confirmed by parasitological examination and who has been ruled out another etiology, or any patient with confirmed cases of malaria with >50,000 parasite asexual forms /μL (hyperparasitaemia) |
Death from malaria |
Patient with signs and symptoms of complicated malaria, with confirmed diagnose of P. falciparum (or P. vivax) or associated infection. |
Complication hepatic jaundice | Total serum bilirubin >3 mg/dl and altered liver function tests. |
* SIVIGILA definitions.