Table 1.
Prevalence of tobacco use in Madagascar among females aged 15–49 (n= 17,375) and males aged 15–59 years (n=8,586), Demographic Health Survey, 2008-09
|
Characteristics |
Smoked tobacco products |
Smokeless tobacco products |
Dual use of tobacco products |
All tobacco# |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female (%) | Male (%) | Female (%) | Male (%) | Female (%) | Male (%) | Female (%) | Male (%) | |
|
N |
118 |
2152 |
1579 |
1712 |
18 |
359 |
1715 |
4223 |
|
Total |
0.77 |
28.50 |
9.60 |
24.60 |
0.09 |
4.30 |
10.3 |
48.90 |
|
Age (in years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 15-19 |
0.60 |
14.87 |
3.4 |
8.40 |
0.15 |
1.13 |
3.82 |
22.13 |
| 20-24 |
0.43 |
35.82 |
7.4 |
17.14 |
0.00 |
4.57 |
7.82 |
48.39 |
| 25-29 |
0.60 |
33.61 |
9.7 |
24.35 |
0.07 |
5.34 |
10.25 |
52.62 |
| 30-34 |
0.73 |
31.38 |
12.0 |
27.94 |
0.06 |
4.40 |
12.68 |
54.92 |
| 35-39 |
0.95 |
32.36 |
13.8 |
30.65 |
0.24 |
5.11 |
14.52 |
57.90 |
| 40-44 |
1.17 |
29.91 |
14.2 |
32.18 |
0.06 |
6.45 |
15.34 |
55.64 |
| 45-49 |
1.53 |
32.88 |
15.1 |
35.79 |
0.04 |
6.33 |
16.58 |
62.34 |
| 50-54 |
|
25.71 |
|
40.46 |
|
3.69 |
|
62.49 |
| 55-59 |
|
24.42 |
|
41.86 |
|
4.33 |
|
61.95 |
|
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No Education |
0.83 |
32.37 |
15.2 |
33.47 |
0.29 |
5.22 |
15.74 |
60.62 |
| Primary |
0.38 |
27.27 |
11.7 |
31.73 |
0.05 |
4.83 |
11.98 |
54.17 |
| High-school |
1.27 |
28.37 |
3.6 |
10.51 |
0.04 |
3.17 |
4.85 |
35.71 |
| University |
2.06 |
29.57 |
0.0 |
2.70 |
0.00 |
1.37 |
2.06 |
30.90 |
|
Wealth Index (in quintiles) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lowest |
0.38 |
30.07 |
12.9 |
34.36 |
0.12 |
4.67 |
13.18 |
59.77 |
| Second |
0.57 |
27.04 |
13.5 |
31.19 |
0.11 |
4.04 |
13.94 |
54.18 |
| Middle |
0.42 |
25.20 |
11.6 |
32.83 |
0.10 |
4.99 |
11.89 |
53.04 |
| Fourth |
0.43 |
28.95 |
8.7 |
22.59 |
0.00 |
5.76 |
9.09 |
45.78 |
| Highest |
1.74 |
30.74 |
3.7 |
8.09 |
0.13 |
2.25 |
5.36 |
36.59 |
|
Occupation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Unemployed |
1.09 |
11.56 |
2.5 |
2.31 |
0.01 |
0.51 |
3.59 |
13.36 |
| Agriculture |
0.34 |
29.04 |
12.5 |
32.16 |
0.09 |
5.23 |
12.77 |
55.97 |
| Service-manual |
1.70 |
35.37 |
7.9 |
15.06 |
0.17 |
3.20 |
9.44 |
47.24 |
| Service-non-manual |
1.77 |
32.50 |
1.4 |
8.80 |
0.13 |
3.67 |
3.02 |
37.64 |
|
Marital status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Unmarried |
0.75 |
25.13 |
7.84 |
16.26 |
0.08 |
2.82 |
8.51 |
38.58 |
| Married |
0.78 |
31.04 |
10.81 |
30.96 |
0.10 |
5.37 |
11.49 |
56.63 |
|
Religion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other Religion* |
0.56 |
32.48 |
9.7 |
23.19 |
0.15 |
3.95 |
10.11 |
51.72 |
| Christian |
0.84 |
26.45 |
9.7 |
25.42 |
0.08 |
4.41 |
10.46 |
47.46 |
| Muslim |
0.00 |
39.69 |
1.7 |
14.91 |
0.00 |
9.45 |
1.65 |
45.14 |
| Traditional |
0.96 |
35.05 |
9.7 |
22.75 |
0.00 |
1.84 |
10.67 |
55.96 |
|
Residence |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Urban |
1.69 |
33.78 |
4.4 |
8.05 |
0.18 |
2.75 |
5.92 |
39.08 |
| Rural | 0.58 | 27.48 | 10.7 | 27.81 | 0.08 | 4.56 | 11.23 | 50.72 |
* All other religious groups which are not Christian, not Muslim or not traditional.
# Prevalence for smoked and smokeless tobacco use is not mutually exclusive. Therefore, the totals in the last two columns are summations of the corresponding smoked and SLT percentages minus dual use.