Table 1.

Major NF-κB target genes involved in wear particle induced periprosthetic osteolysis

Name	Involved cell(s)	Function	References
TNF-α	Macrophage	Inflammation, osteolysis	[78, 80–83, 104–107, 121–123]
IL-1β	Macrophage	Inflammation, osteolysis	[105, 107, 108, 124, 125]
IL-6	Macrophage Osteoprogenitors	Inflammation Anti-osteoclastogenesis	[103–106, 108, 118]
MCP1	Macrophage	Recruit macrophage	[108, 109]
MIP1α	Macrophage/ MSC	Recruit macrophage and MSC	[106, 109]
Cox-2/Prostaglandin E2	Macrophage/fibroblast	Inflammation	[103, 107, 108]
RANKL	Macrophage/Osteoclast	Osteoclastogenesis Bone resorption	[95–101, 106, 108]
MMPs	Macrophage	Tissue destruction	[52]
Type I collagen	Osteoblast	Bone formation	[112, 113]
IL-10	MSC/ macrophage	Immune modulation	[114, 115, 124]
IFN-γ	Osteoprogenitors T cells	Anti-osteoclastogenesis	[118]
Cathepsin K	Osteoclast	Degrade bone matrix	[97, 106]
TRAP	Osteoclast	Degrade bone matrix	[97, 106, 107]
Smurf1/2	Osteoprogenitors	Suppress bone formation via degrading β-catenin	[116]