Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants
| Characteristic | Included subjects, N=808 |
Excluded subjects, N=623 |
P* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Mean (sd) age, years | 34.9 (13.9) | 45.1 (18.5) | <0.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 513 (63.5) | 336 (53.9) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes at enrolment, n (%) | - | 212 (34.0) | <0.001 |
| Anthropometric indexes | |||
| Mean (sd) skinfold thickness, mm | |||
| Biceps | 12.9 (6.6) | 12.9 (6.9) | 0.997 |
| Forearm | 12.0 (4.4) | 11.2 (4.3) | 0.003 |
| Triceps | 20.7 (8.3) | 19.6 (8.6) | 0.035 |
| Subscapular | 27.2 (9.7) | 27.7 (9.8) | 0.407 |
| Abdominal | 41.2 (13.5) | 42.7 (14.8) | 0.073 |
| Suprailiac | 29.1 (12.5) | 30.4 (13.6) | 0.099 |
| Medial calf | 18.6 (7.6) | 16.7 (7.6) | <0.001 |
| Lateral calf | 12.7 (5.1) | 11.3 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Mean (sd) circumferences, cm | |||
| Waist | 92.3 (16.3) | 97.9 (16.3) | <0.001 |
| Hip | 104.7 (13.1) | 105.2 (13.3) | 0.483 |
| Mean (sd) ratios | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.0 (6.4) | 29.5 (6.3) | 0.114 |
| Waist–hip ratio | 0.88 (0.09) | 0.93 (0.09) | <0.001 |
| Waist–height ratio | 0.57 (0.10) | 0.61 (0.12) | <0.001 |
| Subscapular–triceps ratio | 1.41 (0.51) | 1.55 (0.58) | <0.001 |
| Others, mean (SD) | |||
| Weight, kg | 76.0 (18.4) | 77.0 (17.4) | 0.292 |
| Height, m | 1.62 (0.88) | 1.61 (0.95) | 0.164 |
| Mean (sd) blood pressure, mmHg | |||
| Systolic | 116.6 (16.2) | 125.6 (20.6) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic | 69.9 (9.9) | 71.6 (10.8) | 0.003 |
| Mean (sd) biochemical indexes | |||
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 4.85 (0.59) | 6.55 (3.48) | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin, µU/mL | 14.1 (15.4) | 18.5 (23.4) | <0.001 |
| Total serum cholesterol, mg/dl | 186.5 (38.1) | 193.3 (41.2) | 0.002 |
| Serum triglycerides, mg/dl | 138.5 (128.3) | 166.2 (126.6) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 50.8 (12.8) | 49.3 (13.0) | 0.036 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 109.7 (31.8) | 112.3 (35.2) | 0.157 |
*
Student’s t-test for continuous variables (all values were first inverse-normalized in solar) and chi-squared test for categorical variables.