Table 1. Design and patient characteristics for studies included in the meta analysis.
| Source | Samplesize modafinil placebo | Sex (male) | Mean age (year) | Duration of treatment (week) | Maximum dosage (mg/d) | Type of disease | Duration of disease (year) | Outcomes | Baseline findings (mean±SD, modafinil/placebo) | Country | Study design | Jadad score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lou JS (2009) | 9 | 10 | 74% | 67 | 8 | 200 | PD | 6.1 | EDS | ESS: 8.3±4.8 / 9.8±4.7 | USA | parallel | 3 |
| Depression | CES-D: 17.1±10.5 / 23.6±10.4 | ||||||||||||
| Ondo WG (2006) | 19 | 18 | 73% | 65 | 4 | 400 | PD | 6.8 | Fatigue | FSS: 4.2±1.6 / 4.1±1.4 | USA | parallel | 5 |
| EDS | ESS: 15.7±3.1 / 16.0±4.8 | ||||||||||||
| MSLT: 6.4±5.1 / 4.5±3.9 | |||||||||||||
| Depression | HDS: 6.5±5.0 / 7.2±5.2 | ||||||||||||
| Högl B (2002) | 12 | 12 | 75% | 65 | 2 | 200 | PD | 6.8 | EDS | ESS: 13.2±2.2 / 11.8±3.8 | Austria | crossover | 4 |
| Depression | BDI: 9.6±6.9 / 10.1±7.3 | ||||||||||||
| Adler CH (2002) | 20 | 20 | 70% | 65 | 3 | 200 | PD | 7.4 | Fatigue | FSS: 4.4±1.5 * | USA | crossover | 5 |
| EDS | ESS: 17.8±4.2 / 16.0±4.2 | ||||||||||||
| Möller F (2011) | 55 | 55 | 30% | 41 | 8 | 200 | MS | 6.9 | Fatigue | FSS: 6.01±0.75 / 5.8±0.75 | Germany | parallel | 4 |
| MFIS: 54.75±13.32 / 51.20±11.80 | |||||||||||||
| EDS | ESS: 11.80±4.89 / 11.78±4.96 | ||||||||||||
| Lange R (2009) | 9 | 10 | 12% | 43 | 8 | 200 | MS | 8.1 | Fatigue | FSS: 6.3±0.7 / 5.8±0.9 | Germany | parallel | 4 |
| Stankoff B (2005) | 48 | 57 | 32% | 53 | 5 | 400 | MS | >0.5 | Fatigue | MFIS: 63.3±10 / 63.1±9.3 | France | parallel | 5 |
| EDS | ESS: 10.6±4.8 / 9.7±5.5 | ||||||||||||
| Kaiser PR (2010) | 10 | 10 | 85% | 40 | 6 | 200 | TBI | 1.9 | Fatigue | FSS: 4.6±0.8 / 5.0±1.4 | Switzerland | parallel | 5 |
| EDS | ESS: 10.0± 4.2 / 8.2±3.7 | ||||||||||||
| MWT: 15.6±11.4 / 18.7±9.3 | |||||||||||||
| Depression | BDI: 9±6 / 11±9 | ||||||||||||
| Jha A (2008) | 47 | 48 | 69% | 38 | 10 | 400 | TBI | 5.8 | Fatigue | FSS: 4.6±1.5 / 4.5±1.6 | USA | crossover | 5 |
| MFIS: 43.1±20.0 / 41.7±16.7 | |||||||||||||
| EDS | ESS:8.8±5.1 / 8.3±4.8 | ||||||||||||
| Depression | BDI: 18.5±7.9 / 18.5±7.9 | ||||||||||||
| Vasconcelos OM | 33 | 33 | 36% | 61.05 | 6 | 400 | PPS | 15.8 | Fatigue | FSS: 5.5±1.0 / 5.5±1.3 | USA | crossover | 5 |
| (2007) | EDS | ESS:8.1±3.8 / 8.4±5.7 | |||||||||||
| Depression | BDI: 10.5±8.0 / 8.8±6.7 | ||||||||||||
*
For both modafinil and placebo groups.
Abbreviations: PD = Parkinson’s Disease; MS = Multiple Sclerosis; TBI = Traumatic Brain Injury; PPS = Post-polio syndrome; FSS = Fatigue Severity Scale; MFIS = Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; EDS = Excessive Daytime Sleepiness; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; MSLT = Multiple Sleep Latency Test; MWT = Maintenance of Wakefulness Test; HDS = Hamilton Depression Scale; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D = Center of Epidemiological Study-Depression Scale