Table 3.

Estimated Haplogroup Coalescent Times

Haplogroupa	Size	ρ ± σb	Age(years)b
M7b	21	2.24 ± 1.06	45,200 ± 21,400
M7	32	2.78 ± .99	56,100 ± 20,000
M8a	15	.87 ± .33	17,500 ± 6,700
CZ	13	3.00 ± .93	60,500 ± 18,700
M8	28	2.93 ± .89	59,100 ± 17,900
G2	10	3.00 ± .95	60,500 ± 19,100
D5	20	2.55 ± .81	51,500 ± 16,300
D4	44	1.73 ± .30	34,900 ± 6,000
D	66	2.30 ± .44	46,500 ± 8,900
A	19	1.42 ± .68	28,700 ± 13,700
N9a	13	1.85 ± .51	37,300 ± 10,300
N9	16	3.19 ± .99	64,300 ± 20,000
B4a	22	2.00 ± .48	40,400 ± 9,600
B4b	13	1.85 ± .60	37,300 ± 12,000
B4	47	2.94 ± .65	59,300 ± 13,200
B5	12	2.50 ± .81	50,500 ± 16,300
B	63	3.70 ± .92	74,600 ± 18,700
F1a	27	1.48 ± .63	29,900 ± 12,600
F1	40	3.35 ± 1.15	67,600 ± 23,300
F2	14	1.50 ± .53	30,300 ± 10,700
F	57	2.86 ± .82	57,700 ± 16,600
R9	61	4.03 ± 1.22	81,400 ± 24,600

^aBased on 332 Han mtDNAs (present study; T. Kivisild, H.-V. Tolk, J. Parik, Y. Wang, S. S. Papiha, H.-J. Bandelt, and R. Villems, unpublished data).

^bρ and σ are as defined by Forster et al. (1996) and Saillard et al. (2000), scoring transitions within 16090–16365.