Figure 6.

Schematic diagram showing CSFV triggers RIG-I and MDA5 dependent signaling pathway to IRF-3 and NF-κB activation to promote the production of antiviral and inflammatory cytokines in porcine alveolar macrophages. Detection of CSFV Shimen strain by RIG-I and MDA5 activated a cascade of changes that lead to the higher protein expression of IPS-1, stimulated the nuclei accumulation of IRF-3 and NF-κB. As a result of such activation, antiviral factors IFN-α and IFN-β were apparently promoted, and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-β were heavily enhanced in PAMs following CSFV Shimen strain infection. Ablation of RIG-I and/or using shRNA resulted in negative modulation of the secretion of antiviral and inflammatory cytokines. ↑- up-regulation.