Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to sedentary behavior levels (tertiles)
| Variables | Total (n = 4,302) | Low (n = 1,211) | Middle (n = 1,687) | High (n = 1,404) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sedentary time (hrs/day) |
5 (3–8) |
2.5 (2–3) |
5 (4–6) |
10 (8–11) |
|
| Age (years) |
43 (33–54) |
46 (37–56) |
44 (34–55) |
39 (29–49) |
< 0.001* |
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
< 0.001* |
| Male |
2,084 (48.4) |
502 (41.5) |
818 (48.5) |
764 (54.4) |
|
| Female |
2,218 (51.6) |
709 (58.5) |
869 (51.5) |
640 (45.6) |
|
| Body mass index (kg/m2) |
25.4 ± 4.9 |
25.7 ± 4.9 |
25.6 ± 5.0 |
25.0 ± 4.7 |
0.001† |
| Weekly MVPA (1=low 2=moderate 3=high) |
1.83 ± 0.74 |
2.01 ± 0.78 |
1.85 ± 0.73 |
1.65 ± 0.69 |
< 0.001† |
| Psychological distress |
|
|
|
|
< 0.001* |
| < 2 |
3431 (79.8) |
1002 (82.7) |
1369 (81.1) |
1060 (75.5) |
|
| ≥ 2 |
871 (20.2) |
209 (17.3) |
318 (18.9) |
344 (24.5) |
|
| Ethnic group |
|
|
|
|
0.001* |
| Chinese |
1,336 (31.1) |
310 (25.6) |
491 (29.1) |
535 (38.1) |
|
| Malay |
1,285 (29.9) |
427 (35.3) |
522 (30.9) |
336 (23.9) |
|
| Indian |
1,343 (31.2) |
399 (32.9) |
541 (32.1) |
403 (28.7) |
|
| Other |
338 (7.9) |
75 (6.2) |
133 (7.9) |
130 (9.3) |
|
| Marital status |
|
|
|
|
< 0.001* |
| Never married |
879 (20.4) |
148 (12.2) |
334 (19.8) |
387 (28.3) |
|
| Married |
3,091 (71.9) |
950 (78.5) |
1,298 (71.6) |
933 (66.4) |
|
| Separated |
22 (0.5) |
11 (0.9) |
8 (0.5) |
3 (0.2) |
|
| Divorced |
127 (3.0) |
35 (2.9) |
59 (3.5) |
33 (2.4) |
|
| Widowed |
183 (4.3) |
67 (5.5) |
78 (4.6) |
38 (2.7) |
|
| Household income (Singapore dollar/month) |
|
|
|
|
< 0.001* |
| <2000 |
1,095 (25.5) |
375 (31.0) |
495 (29.4) |
225 (16.0) |
|
| 2000–3999 |
1,207 (28.1) |
389 (32.1) |
448 (26.6) |
370 (26.4) |
|
| 4000–5999 |
741 (17.2) |
173 (14.3) |
284 (16.8) |
284 (20.2) |
|
| 6000–9999 |
469 (10.9) |
96 (7.9) |
154 (9.1) |
219 (15.6) |
|
| >10000 |
297 (6.9) |
31 (2.6) |
103 (6.1) |
163 (11.6) |
|
| Refused |
16 (0.4) |
5 (0.4) |
5 (0.3) |
6 (0.4) |
|
| Don’t know |
477 (11.1) |
142 (11.7) |
198 (11.7) |
137 (9.8) |
|
| Chronic condition |
|
|
|
|
< 0.001* |
| Yes |
951 (22.1) |
301 (24.9) |
397 (23.5) |
253 (18.0) |
|
| Yes (not seeing doctor) |
311 (7.2) |
92 (7.6) |
123 (7.3) |
96 (6.8) |
|
| No |
3,040 (70.7) |
818 (67.5) |
1,167 (69.2) |
1,055 (75.1) |
|
| Smoking |
|
|
|
|
0.530* |
| No |
3,194 (74.2) |
909 (75.1) |
1,252 (74.2) |
1,033 (73.6) |
|
| Quit |
356 (8.3) |
92 (7.6) |
130 (7.7) |
134 (9.5) |
|
| Occasionally |
109 (2.5) |
29 (2.4) |
42 (2.5) |
38 (2.7) |
|
| Daily |
643 (14.9) |
181 (14.9) |
263 (15.6) |
199 (14.2) |
|
| Binge drinking |
|
|
|
|
< 0.001* |
| Non drinker |
2,921 (67.9) |
911 (75.2) |
1,175 (69.7) |
835 (59.5) |
|
| Non binge drinker |
1,078 (25.1) |
231 (19.1) |
387 (22.9) |
460 (32.8) |
|
| Binge drinker (≥5 drinks) | 303 (7.0) | 69 (5.7) | 125 (7.4) | 109 (7.8) |
Data represent median (IQR), mean ± SD, or number (percentages). *Kruskal Wallis, † ANOVA.