Table 2.
Known unigenes expressed in response to V. dahliae infection in resistant G. barbadense
| Pathway | Unigene | Related functions |
|---|---|---|
| Perception of PAMPs by PRRs |
Chitin elicitor receptor kinase (CERK1) |
Chitin elicitor signaling |
| Elicitor-responsive proteins (ERG) |
Plant defense signaling |
|
| Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs) |
Perception of PAMPs and induction of defense responses |
|
| BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1) |
Perception of PAMPs and induction of defense responses |
|
| Somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases (SERKs) |
Plant immune responses to pathogen attack |
|
| Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) |
Perception of PAMPs and induction of defense responses |
|
| Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) |
Downstream components in PTI |
|
| CC-NBS-LRR resistance protein (RPM1) |
Manages of signaling potential via intra-molecular negative regulation |
|
| Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) |
TMV resistance protein |
TMV-N mediated signal transduction pathway |
| Disease resistance protein (RPS2) |
Specifically recognizes effector protein from pathogen |
|
| NBS-LRR resistance gene (RPP8) |
Specifically recognizes effector protein from pathogen |
|
| RPM1 Interacting Protein 4 (RIN4) |
Negatively regulates disease resistance mediated by RPS2 |
|
| Ion Fluxes |
CaM-related proteins |
Calcium signal transducer |
| Plant cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) |
Facilitates Ca2+ uptake into the cytosol in response to PAMP |
|
| Calmodulin (CaM) |
Calcium signal transducer |
|
| Calcium binding protein |
Calcium signal transducer |
|
| Calmodulin-like protein (CML) |
Calcium signal transducer |
|
| Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) |
Decoding of calcium transients |
|
| Transcription factors (TFs) |
ERF, EREBP-like |
Binding ethylene-responsive element |
| WRKY |
Regulates signaling and transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant defense responses |
|
| BHLH |
Regulates signaling and transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant defense responses |
|
| Histone promoter-binding protein (HBP)-1a |
Negatively regulates defense response |
|
| NADPH oxidase or respiratory burst oxidase |
Generation of superoxide |
|
| Oxidative burst |
Ascorbate peroxidase |
Detoxifies peroxides |
| Thioredoxin peroxidases |
Reduces various peroxides |
|
| Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) |
Reduces H2O2, organic hydroperoxidases, and lipid peroxides |
|
| Cationic peroxidases |
Causes a disease resistance response |
|
| Protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI) |
Ubiquitous redox protein |
|
| Catalase |
Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen |
|
| PR1C |
Confers resistance to pathogen and hallmarks of defense pathways |
|
| Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins |
Beta-1,3-glucanase-like genes (PR2 homologs) |
Lyses cell walls of fungal pathogens |
| PR1 protein |
Confers resistance to pathogen and hallmarks of defense pathways |
|
| Chitinase (PR3 and 8 homologs) |
Lyses cell walls of fungal pathogens |
|
| Thaumatin-like protein (PR5) |
Inhibits hyphal growth and sporulation by various fungi |
|
| BAG-like genes: BCL-2-associated athanogenes |
Suppresses apoptosis |
|
| Dynamin-related proteins (DRP) |
Key regulators of PCD |
|
| Programmed cell death (PCD) |
Apoptosis Inducing Factor homolog (AIF) |
Chromatin condensation and DNA degradation |
| Nitric oxide synthase |
Catalyzes arginine to produce nitric oxide |
|
| Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1(EDS1) |
Catalyzes arginine to produce nitric oxide |
|
| Non-expression of PR gene 1 (NPR1) |
Regulatory component in SA signaling |
|
| Plant hormones |
Pathogen-inducible salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (SGT1) |
Involved in the early disease response and the accumulation of glucosyl SA during pathogenesis |
| Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) |
Key enzyme in SA biosynthesis |
|
| Isochorismate synthase (ICS) |
Key enzyme in SA biosynthesis |
|
| Lipoxygenase (LOX) |
Key enzyme in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis |
|
| Allene oxide synthase (AOS) |
Key enzyme in jasmonic acid biosynthesis |
|
| Jasmonate ZIM-motif (JAZ) proteins (TIFY10B) |
JA signaling |
|
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) |
Key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase |
Biosynthesis of derived secondary metabolites |
|
| Cell wall modification | Polyphenol oxidase |
Oxidation of phenol compounds |
| 4-coumarate-CoA ligase |
Phenylpropanoid metabolism |
|
| Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) |
Conjugates electrophilic molecules to glutathione (GSH) |
|
| Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase |
Lignin biosynthesis |
|
| Extension |
Inhibits pathogen invasion |
|
| Cellulose synthase |
Callose synthesis |
|
| Sucrose synthase |
Sucrose synthesis |
|
| UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase 1 | Key factor in xylose formation |