Table 1.
General Characteristics of Study Subjectsa
| No MetS (n = 107) | MetS (n = 44) | All (n = 151) | P Valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 46.0 (43.0–48.0) | 46.0 (44.3–47.0) | 46.0 (43.0–47.0) | .64 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 48 (44.9) | 23 (52.3) | 71 (47.0) | .41 |
| Race, white, n (%) | 50 (46.7) | 22 (50.0) | 72 (47.7) | .72 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 34 (31.8) | 14 (31.8) | 48 (31.8) | .99 |
| Irisin, ng/mLc | 162.2 (133.5–206.9) | 214.4 (174.4–254.2) | 176.7 (141.9–220.0) | <.001 |
| Adiponectin, μg/mLd | 9.69 (5.86–13.07) | 4.65 (3.24–7.48) | 8.1 (4.64–12.58) | <.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.0 (23.5–31.6) | 32.9 (29.1–38.2) | 28.6 (25.1–33.9) | <.001 |
| Body fat, % | 28.8 ± 11.1 | 33.5 ± 10.5 | 30.1 ± 11.1 | .007 |
| Fat mass, kg | 22.2 (14.9–32.6) | 31.8 (26.1–44.4) | 25.4 (16.5–36.0) | <.001 |
| Fat-free mass, % | 71.4 ± 11.4 | 66.5 ± 10.5 | 70.0 ± 11.3 | .002 |
| Fat-free mass, kg | 56.7 (47.6–67.4) | 63.8 (55.6–76.0) | 58.2 (49.0–70.6) | .001 |
| WC, cm | 92.1 (85.4–103.7) | 111.2 (101.5–118.3) | 97.1 (87.6–111.6) | <.001 |
| BP, mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 121.2 ± 15.2 | 129.6 ± 13.6 | 123.7 ± 15.2 | .002 |
| Diastolic | 75.4 ± 11.5 | 83.3 ± 10.0 | 77.7 ± 11.6 | <.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 75.0 (56.0–94.0) | 141.5 (103.0–182.8) | 82 (60.0–117.0) | <.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 59.0 (50.0–69.0) | 43.5 (35.3–48.0) | 53.0 (45.0–65.0) | <.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 89.0 (83.2–93.0) | 100.1 (93.3–109.0) | 91.0 (84.4–98.0) | <.001 |
| HOMA-IRe | 0.89 (0.42–1.64) | 3.16 (1.79–6.70) | 1.33 (0.62–2.57) | <.001 |
| GFRP, % | 3.71 (2.29–6.24) | 7.56 (5.48–13.33) | 4.83 (2.88–7.29) | <.001 |
| Physical activity, METs-h/wk | 12.4 (2.15–31.5) | 9.3 (0.0–14.6) | 11.0 (1.70–27.9) | .02 |
| Alcohol consumption, g/d | 2.08 (0.0–11.05) | 2.28 (0.0–7.57) | 2.08 (0.0–8.23) | .21 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/d | 1868.9 (1337.5–2647.8) | 1734.2 (1270.8–2260.8) | 1843.3 (1313.2–2564.0) | .16 |
| Vegetable or fruit consumption, servings/d | 5.22 (3.29–7.81) | 4.49 (2.44–6.32) | 4.85 (2.93–7.36) | .03 |
| Medication history | 12 (11.2) | 26 (59.1) | 38 (25.2) | <.001 |
| Lipid-modifying agent | 2 (1.9) | 16 (36.4) | 18 (11.9) | <.001 |
| Antihypertensive | 10 (9.3) | 14 (31.8) | 24 (15.9) | .001 |
| Antidiabetic | 0 (0) | 4 (9.1) | 4 (2.6) | .007 |
Abbreviation: MET, metabolic equivalent.
a
Data are means ± sd for continuous parametric variables, median (interquartile range) for continuous nonparametric variables, or number (column percentage) for categorical variables.
b
P values are from Student's t test (for continuous parametric variables) or nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test (for continuous nonparametric variables) and χ2 tests for categorical variables.
c
n = 148.
d
n = 146.
e
n = 138.