Table 2.
Demographic data and perinatal risk factors for hospital acquired infections in the study population
| |
1st period |
2nd period |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infants = 510 | Infants = 505 | ||
| Gestational age (weeks) |
32.7 ± 4.2 |
33.0 ± 4.5 |
0.31 |
| < 34 (%) |
58.6 |
55.6 |
0.17 |
| 34 - 36 (%) |
20.0 |
18.0 |
|
| > 36 (%) |
21.4 |
26.4 |
|
| Birth weight (grams) |
1934 ± 864 |
2022 ± 942 |
0.12 |
| Sex male (%) |
56.1 |
54.9 |
0.69 |
| Antenatal steroids (%) |
56.7 |
54.1 |
0.37 |
| Clinical chorioamnionitis (%) |
13.1 |
10.1 |
0.13 |
| Apgar score ≤ 3 at 1 min (%) |
12.7 |
12.1 |
0.17 |
| Inborn (%) |
71.8 |
71.3 |
0.87 |
| Caesarean delivery (%) |
62.3 |
54.3 |
0.0089 |
| Use of surfactant (at last once) (%) |
55.7 |
43.2 |
<0.001 |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome (%) |
79.8 |
78.2 |
0.53 |
| BPD @ 28 days (%) |
17.6 |
19.4 |
0.47 |
| IVH 3°- 4° (%) |
3.1 |
2.4 |
0.33 |
| NEC all stages (%) |
3.3 |
2.8 |
0.60 |
| Malformations (%) |
15.9 |
19.2 |
0.16 |
| Mean duration of stay in III level NICU (days) |
16.8 ± 21.2 |
15.0 ± 19.6 |
0.08 |
| Mean total duration of stay (days) |
47.0 ± 35.3 |
48.4 ± 40.3 |
0.94 |
| Death (%) |
5.9 |
5.4 |
0.71 |
| IMV (% of infants per day) |
0.23 ± 0.09 |
0.18 ± 0.09 |
0.0001 |
| NCPAP (% of infants per day) |
0.49 ± 0.11 |
0.42 ± 0.12 |
0.0001 |
| CVL (% of infants per day) |
0.36 ± 0.13 |
0.34 ± 0.11 |
0.15 |
| Means number of antibiotics (per infant per day) |
0.48 ± 0.22 |
0.53 ± 0.23 |
0.001 |
| Occupancy rate (per day) |
0.87 ± 0.09 |
0.77 ± 0.11 |
< 0.0001 |
| Nurse to patient ratio (per day) | 1.35 ± 0.19 | 1.53 ± 0.30 | < 0.0001 |
Abbreviations: BPD Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, IVH Intraventricular Haemorrhage, NEC Necrotizing Enterocolitis, NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, IMV Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, NCPAP Nasal Continuous Positive Air Pressure, CVC Central Venous Lines.