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. 2013 Dec;11(6):592–597. doi: 10.2174/1570159X11311060003

Table 2.

Inflammatory Mediators Affect to the Primary Afferent Neuron

Bradykinin Proteinase PGE2 TNF-α IL-1β

Receptors B1*, B2 PAR1**, PAR2 PAR4** EP1-EP4 TNFR1 IL-1R
TNFR2

Intracellular signaling PKCε PKA PKA p38 MAPK P38 MAPK
PKCε PKCε PKCε

Biological action TRPV1↑ (PAR2) TRPV1↑ TRPV1↑ TTX-r VGSC↑
TRPA1↑ TRPV1↑ TTX-r VGSC↑ TTX-r VGSC↑
nav1.9↑ TRPV4↑
*

Inducible, does not exist in naive

**

anti-nociceptive. VGSC: Voltage-gated sodium