. 2013 Aug 12;12:58. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-12-58

Table 3.

Estimation results of two-part model for health care use from CASEN survey during 1992-2009

Variable	Logit model	OLS (Health Care Use)	OLS (Preventive Care)	OLS (Practitioner Visit)	OLS (Specialty Visits)	OLS (Emergency Visits)
Year
1992	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)
1994	−0.121 (-14.44) ^***	−0.129 (-7.72) ^***	−0.073 (-7.51) ^***	−0.058 (-6.74) ^***	−0.041 (-4.85) ^***	0.043 (8.63) ^***
1996	−0.342 (-35.42) ^***	−0.086 (-4.30) ^***	−0.135 (-11.68) ^***	0.049 (4.82) ^***	−0.014 (-1.42)	0.015 (2.51) ^**
1998	−0.201 (-23.12) ^***	−0.056 (-3.18) ^***	−0.157 (-15.37) ^***	0.022 (2.50) ^**	0.025 (2.89) ^***	0.054 (10.38) ^***
2000	0.300 (39.95) ^***	−0.031 (-2.14) ^**	0.025 (2.92) ^***	−0.210 (-27.91) ^***	0.100 (13.58) ^***	0.054 (12.51) ^***
2003	0.366 (48.40) ^***	−0.081 (-5.51) ^***	−0.031 (-3.65) ^***	−0.237 (-31.38) ^***	0.108 (14.70) ^***	0.079 (18.20) ^***
2006	0.281 (36.54) ^***	0.368 (24.40) ^***	0.076 (8.67) ^***	0.084 (10.82) ^***	0.072 (9.60) ^***	0.136 (30.66) ^***
2009	−0.140 (-17.04) ^***	0.037 (2.33) ^**	−0.059 (-6.23) ^***	−0.027 (-3.27) ^***	0.009 (1.14)	0.115 (24.06) ^***
Region:
I	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)
II	0.037 (2.56) ^***	0.140 (5.06) ^***	−0.022 (-1.37)	0.053 (3.94) ^***	0.063 (4.54) ^***	0.044 (5.35) ^***
III	0.055 (3.80) ^***	0.167 (5.95) ^***	0.054 (3.30) ^***	0.050 (3.48) ^***	0.021 (1.49)	0.042 (5.11) ^***
IV	0.184 (14.16) ^***	0.036 (1.46)	−0.012 (-0.85)	0.027 (2.09) ^**	−0.006 (-0.46)	0.028 (3.78) ^***
V	0.160 (13.80) ^***	0.127 (5.71) ^***	−0.002 (-0.17)	0.015 (1.32)	0.044 (3.98) ^***	0.070 (10.68) ^***
VI	0.043 (3.52) ^***	0.136 (5.70) ^***	0.061 (4.38) ^***	0.042 (3.42) ^***	−0.006 (-0.49)	0.039 (5.60) ^***
VII	0.076 (6.40) ^***	0.073 (3.18) ^***	0.060 (4.45) ^***	0.011 (0.90)	−0.010 (-0.87)	0.013 (1.89) ^*
VIII	0.184 (16.51) ^***	0.111 (5.17) ^***	0.017 (1.36)	0.027 (2.37) ^**	0.026 (2.37) ^**	0.042 (6.71) ^***
IX	0.196 (16.30) ^***	−0.002 (-0.08)	−0.086 (-6.42) ^***	0.037 (3.10) ^***	−0.030 (-2.57) ^***	0.078 (6.71) ^***
X	0.082 (6.88) ^***	−0.054 (-2.35) ^**	−0.091 (-6.80) ^***	0.019 (1.59)	−0.028 (-2.46) ^**	0.046 (6.87) ^***
XI	−0.009 (-0.47)	0.094 (2.69) ^***	−0.067 (-3.26) ^***	0.112 (6.24) ^***	−0.014 (-0.82)	0.063 (6.10) ^***
XII	0.068 (3.62) ^***	0.119 (3.31) ^***	−0.055 (-2.60) ^***	0.076 (4.09) ^***	0.032 (1.76) ^*	0.067 (6.31) ^***
XIII	0.109 (9.94) ^***	0.180 (8.48) ^***	−0.027 (-2.19) ^**	0.064 (5.85) ^***	0.104 (9.84) ^***	0.039 (6.26) ^***
Number_house	−0.026 (-5.95) ^***	0.001 (0.15)	0.089 (17.61) ^***	−0.053 (-11.86) ^***	−0.016 (-3.69) ^***	−0.019 (-7.44) ^***
Gender	0.408 (110.58) ^***	0.069 (9.90) ^***	0.069 (16.98) ^***	0.001 (0.29)	0.021 (6.05) ^***	−0.022 (-10.80) ^***
Age	0.008 (76.58) ^***	0.014 (84.91) ^***	0.009 (87.16) ^***	0.004 (47.02) ^***	0.002 (23.82) ^***	−0.0003 (-6.44) ^***
Married	0.118 (27.34) ^***	0.003 (0.36)	0.065 (14.02) ^***	−0.035 (-8.45) ^***	0.002 (0.53)	−0.030 (-12.76) ^***
Electricity	0.153 (15.52) ^***	0.108 (5.55) ^***	0.030 (2.69) ^***	0.011 (1.12)	0.028 (2.90) ^***	0.038 (6.65) ^***
Water	0.147 (19.73) ^***	0.098 (6.80) ^***	0.034 (4.07) ^***	−0.004 (-0.56)	0.031 (4.35) ^***	0.037 (8.64) ^***
Disposal	−0.088 (-8.23) ^***	−0.095 (-4.64) ^***	−0.025 (-2.14) ^**	−0.032 (-3.05) ^***	−0.018 (-1.75) ^*	−0.020 (-3.26) ^***
Housing:
House	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)
Apartment	0.172 (16.68) ^***	0.132 (6.96) ^***	0.017 (1.50)	0.007 (0.77)	0.089 (9.37) ^***	0.019 (3.44) ^***
Tenement	0.155 (4.42) ^***	0.142 (2.15) ^**	−0.043 (-1.12)	0.074 (2.18) ^**	0.058 (1.75) ^*	0.054 (2.78) ^***
Hut/shack	0.136 (13.25) ^***	0.046 (2.37) ^**	0.019 (1.65) ^*	0.004 (0.38)	0.001 (0.09)	0.023 (3.98) ^***
Other	0.102 (1.56)	−0.196 (-1.59)	−0.111 (-1.55)	−0.057 (-0.90)	−0.015 (-0.24)	−0.013 (-0.35)
Room	0.103 (3.28) ^***	0.119 (1.96) ^**	0.138 (3.89) ^***	−0.028 (-0.90)	−0.003 (-0.09)	0.012 (0.67)
House:
Own	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)
Rent	0.159 (27.73) ^***	0.080 (7.39) ^***	0.031 (4.90) ^***	0.0001 (0.03)	0.017 (3.21) ^***	0.032 (9.93) ^***
Transfer	0.087 (17.46) ^***	−0.012 (-1.27)	−0.0003 (-0.06)	−0.011 (-2.30) ^**	−0.004 (-0.95)	0.004 (1.42)
Illegal occupation	0.025 (0.93)	0.005 (0.09)	0.008 (0.25)	−0.015 (-0.54)	0.003 (0.10)	0.009 (0.58)
other	0.166 (9.94) ^***	0.041 (1.23)	0.078 (4.07) ^***	−0.028 (-1.68) ^*	0.011 (0.68)	−0.020 (-2.10) ^**
School	−1.188 (-202.99) ^***	−0.520 (-54.59) ^***	−0.662 (-119.36) ^***	0.048 (9.81) ^***	0.055 (11.50) ^***	0.040 (14.26) ^***
Insurance	0.178 (46.03) ^***	0.012 (1.54)	0.008 (1.81) ^*	−0.004 (-1.11)	0.018 (4.73) ^***	−0.010 (-4.45) ^***
Working hours	−0.013 (-145.42) ^***	−0.005 (-27.43) ^***	−0.005 (-48.65) ^***	0.0002 (2.75) ^***	−0.001 (-7.39) ^***	0.001 (10.90) ^***
Ln(income)	0.178 (80.53) ^***	−0.006 (-1.35)	0.023 (9.15) ^***	−0.031 (-13.76) ^***	0.023 (10.74) ^***	−0.022 (-17.03) ^***
AUGE	2.392 (128.90) ^***	0.870 (49.40) ^***	0.509 (49.61) ^***	0.166 (18.38) ^***	0.124 (14.06) ^***	0.071 (13.74) ^***
Payment
Pay	-	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)	(base)
Sometimes pay	-	1.788 (115.52) ^***	0.648 (71.84) ^***	0.496 (62.58) ^***	0.339 (43.80) ^***	0.305 (66.99) ^***
Do not pay	-	0.311 (33.78) ^***	0.382 (71.15) ^***	0.028 (5.95) ^***	−0.185 (-40.25) ^***	0.086 (31.94) ^***
Other	-	−0.059 (-3.46) ^***	0.075 (7.59) ^***	−0.076 (-8.78) ^***	−0.103 (-12.09) ^***	0.045 (9.03) ^***
No health care	-	−1.024 (-24.18) ^***	−0.260 (-10.56) ^***	−0.321 (-14.77) ^***	−0.376 (-17.77) ^***	−0.067 (-5.37) ^***
Constant	- 2.292	1.315	0.409	0.775	0.124	0.215
Pseudo R²/ R²	0.081	0.064	0.080	0.027	0.022	0.016
Observations	1,554,227	581,048	581,048	581,048	581,048	581,048

Dependent variable for the logit model is a dichotomous indicator of whether a person has had health care during a particular year or not. Dependent variable for the OLS model is the number of health care use. t-score in parentheses ( ) and indicates significance level as follows: ***p ≤ 0.01, **0.01 < p ≤ 0.05, *0.05 < p ≤ 0.10. Confidence intervals are presented in brackets [ ].