Table 2.
Multilevel logistic regression analysis of non-participation in networks: informal (A) and formal (B), self-rated health and employment, and welfare generosity, unstandardized regression coefficients (B), (N = 21,397 and 21,205 individuals nested within N = 21 countries)
| Variables | Informal (A) | Formal (B) |
|---|---|---|
|
Fixed part |
|
|
| Intercept |
-2.494*** |
2.239*** |
| Gender (male =1, female = 0) |
-.08578* |
-.07049* |
| Age |
.03039*** |
-.00815*** |
| Education (ref. Tertiary) |
|
|
| Primary |
.5656*** |
.7662*** |
| Secondary |
.312*** |
.4133*** |
| Children (1 = yes, 0 = no) |
.3082*** |
-.321*** |
| Born in the country (1 = yes, 0 = no) |
-.2116** |
-.4721*** |
| Married or cohabiting |
.1033* |
-.2446*** |
| Health and employment (ref. Good health and employed) |
|
|
| Good health and non-employed |
-.03874 |
.2165* |
| Poor health and employed |
-.07949 |
.1042 |
| Poor health and non-employed |
.3039 |
.3233 |
| Contextual variable |
|
|
| Welfare generosity |
-.009018*** |
-.01058*** |
| Cross-level interaction terms (ref. Good health and employed × welfare generosity) |
|
|
| Good health and non-employed × welfare generosity |
.000584 |
-.001479* |
| Poor health and employed × welfare generosity |
.005266* |
-.00097 |
| Poor health and non-employed × welfare generosity |
.003441* |
-.00015 |
|
Random part |
|
|
| Standard deviation of random interceptb |
.591919 |
.385481 |
| |
|
|
| Intraclass correlation (ρ) |
.096249 |
.043216 |
| Log likelihood | -8597 | -13143 |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
b all higher-level variances are significant at p < 0.001 (likelihood ratio test).
Null-model: non-participation, informal:
Standard deviation of random interceptb: 0.770282.
Intraclass correlation (ρ): 0.152795.
Null model: non-participation, formal:
Standard deviation of random interceptb: 0.735715.
Intraclass correlation (ρ): 0.141283.
Source: ESS3 2006/7 [45].
Source: Eurostat, ESSPROS (welfare generosity) [47].