Table 3.
Multivariable* Predictors of dependence on Walking aids
| Severity of Dependence | Multivariable-adjusted 2-year | Multivariable-adjusted 5-year | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | p-value | OR | (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Female Gender (Ref- Male) | Some | 1.0 | (0.8–1.4) | 0.77 | 0.9 | (0.6–1.3) | 0.53 |
| Complete dependence/unable | 2.3 | (1.7–3.2) | <0.01 | 2.0 | (1.4–2.7) | <0.01 | |
| Age (Ref- ≤60 yrs) | |||||||
| >60–70 yrs | Some | 1.1 | (0.7–1.8) | 0.66 | 2.0 | (1.1–3.8) | 0.03 |
| >70–80 yrs | Some | 2.8 | (1.7–4.4) | <0.01 | 5.4 | (2.8–10.2) | <0.01 |
| >80 yrs | Some | 9.9 | (5.8–16.8) | <0.01 | 16.2 | (7.5–35.2) | <0.01 |
| >60–70 yrs | Complete dependence/unable | 1.2 | (0.7–1.9) | 0.57 | 1.3 | (0.7–2.2) | 0.37 |
| >70–80 yrs | Complete dependence/unable | 2.6 | (1.6–4.3) | <0.01 | 2.4 | (1.4–4.2) | <0.01 |
| >80 yrs | Complete dependence/unable | 12.5 | (7.3–21.6) | <0.01 | 11.4 | (6.0–21.9) | <0.01 |
| BMI (Ref- <25 kg/m2) | |||||||
| 25–29.9 | Some | 1.0 | (0.7–1.5) | 0.98 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.9) | 0.59 |
| 30–34.9 | Some | 1.9 | (1.3–2.8) | <0.01 | 3.0 | (1.8–4.9) | <0.01 |
| 35–39.9 | Some | 3.2 | (2.0–5.1) | <0.01 | 3.3 | (1.7–6.4) | <0.01 |
| ≥40 | Some | 5.7 | (3.2–10.1) | <0.01 | 7.5 | (3.5–15.8) | <0.01 |
| 25–29.9 | Complete dependence/unable | 1.1 | (0.8–1.6) | 0.52 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.7) | 0.55 |
| 30–34.9 | Complete dependence/unable | 1.4 | (1.0–2.2) | 0.08 | 1.6 | (1.0–2.5) | 0.06 |
| 35–39.9 | Complete dependence/unable | 3.3 | (2.0–5.3) | <0.01 | 2.4 | (1.3–4.3) | <0.01 |
| ≥40 | Complete dependence/unable | 5.7 | (3.2–10.3) | <0.01 | 4.0 | (2.0–8.2) | <0.01 |
| Deyo-Charlson index (5-point change; higher=worse) | Some | 1.6 | (1.2–2.1) | <0.01 | 1.5 | (1.1–2.2) | 0.02 |
| Complete dependence/unable | 1.2 | (0.9–1.7) | 0.20 | 1.1 | (0.8–1.7) | 0.53 | |
| Anxiety (Ref- no) | Some | 1.2 | (0.7–2.0) | 0.57 | 0.9 | (0.4–2.1) | 0.77 |
| Complete dependence/unable | 1.0 | (0.6–1.7) | 0.98 | 1.0 | (0.5–2.1) | 0.91 | |
| Depression (Ref- no) | Some | 1.5 | (0.9–2.3) | 0.12 | 1.1 | (0.5–2.2) | 0.81 |
| Complete dependence/unable | 2.2 | (1.4–3.4) | <0.01 | 2.0 | (1.2–3.4) | 0.01 | |
*
Adjusted for ASA score, distance from the medical center, implant type and the operative diagnosis, in addition to the above variables
Regression: n/N = 264/4,658, mild dependence and 253/4,658, complete dependence at 2-yr FU; n/N = 167/2,701, mild dependence and 200/2,701, complete dependence at 5-yr FU
Higher score on Deyo-Charlson indicates higher comorbidity
Numbers in Bold indicate significant Odds ratios and p-values
OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; BMI, Body Mass Index