Figure 1.

GLIP1 is associated with ethylene signaling. A, Expression analysis of GLIP1 in ethylene mutants etr1-1, ctr1-1, ein2-1, and ein3-1 eil1-1 and in ERF1-overexpressing plants. The values represent means ± sd from three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences from the air-treated Col-0 (Student’s t test, **P < 0.01). B, Ethylene contents of Col-0, glip1-1, and 35S:GLIP1 plants. Ten-day-old seedlings were used for ethylene quantification. The values are means ± sd (n = 20). Experiments were carried out more than five times with similar results. FW, Fresh weight. C, Expression analysis of ethylene-responsive genes ERF1, HLS1, PDF1.2, and b-CHI in Col-0, glip1-1, and 35S:GLIP1 plants. Four-week-old plants were treated with air or 10 µL L⁻¹ ethylene for 12 h. The values represent means ± sd from three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences from Col-0 (Student’s t test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). D, Triple response of 4-d-old etiolated seedlings of Col-0, glip1-1, 35S:GLIP1, and ethylene mutants grown in air or 10 µL L⁻¹ ethylene. E, Hypocotyl lengths of the plants in D. The values are means ± sd (n = 10). Asterisks indicate significant differences from Col-0 (Student’s t test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).