Table 4.
Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Asarum heterotropoides root constituents against five harmful and two nonpathogenic intestinal bacteria using a microtiter plate-based antibacterial bioassay
| |
MIC (mg/mL) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gram-positive bacteriaa |
Gram-negative bacteriab |
||||||
| Material | Cd | Cm | Cp | Sa | Bfc | Ecc | St |
| δ-3-Carene |
0.70 cB |
0.70 eB |
0.70 dB |
0.18 cC |
0.70 cB |
0.18 dC |
2.94 bA |
| Methyleugenol |
0.70 cD |
1.47 dC |
5.80 bA |
2.94 aB |
2.94 aB |
1.47 cC |
1.47 cC |
| 1,8-Cineole |
1.47 bB |
1.47 dB |
2.94 cA |
1.47 bB |
2.94 aA |
2.94 bA |
2.94 bA |
| Pellitorine |
2.94 aA |
1.47 dB |
0.70 dC |
1.47 bB |
2.94 aA |
1.47 cB |
1.47 cB |
| (−)-Asarinin |
2.94 aA |
2.94 cA |
2.94 cA |
2.94 aA |
2.94 aA |
2.94 bA |
1.47 cB |
| α-Asarone |
2.94 aC |
5.80 bB |
12.0 aA |
1.47 bD |
1.47 bD |
2.94 bC |
1.47 cD |
| Safrole |
2.94 aD |
23.50 aA |
2.94 cD |
2.94 aD |
1.47 bE |
7.20 aC |
12.0 aB |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.25 dA | 0.125 fB | 0.125 eB | 0.063 dC | 0.125 dB | 0.063 eC | 0.063 dC |
Means in a column followed by the same lowercase letter and means in a row followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05; Bonferroni test).
aCd, C. difficile ATCC 9689; Cm, C. paraputiricum ATCC 25780; Cp, C. perfringens ATCC 13124; Sa, S. aureus ATCC 12600.
bBf, B. fragilis ATCC 25285; Ec, E. coli ATCC 11775; St, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311.
cNonpathogenic bacteria.