Table 1.
Spatial distribution of road traffic noise, according to the administrative division in counties, neighborhood urban typology, and neighborhood education (RECORD Cohort study)
| Variables |
Road traffic noise at the place of residence (with the Lden indicator and in dB(A)) |
Road traffic noise at the 25th percentile of 500 m radius street network buffers around the place of residence (with the Lden indicator and in dB(A)) |
Road traffic noise at the median of 500 m radius street network buffers around the place of residence (with the Lden indicator and in dB(A)) |
Road traffic noise at the 75th percentile of 500 m radius street network buffers around the place of residence (with the Lden indicator) in dB(A) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N = 6194 |
N = 6539 |
N = 6539 |
N = 6539 |
|||||
| Mean | ±SD | Mean | ±SD | Mean | ±SD | Mean | ±SD | |
| Total |
56.31 |
±11.20 |
43.97 |
±7.71 |
49.58 |
±9.59 |
61.04 |
±6.47 |
| Ile-de-France region |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Outer suburbs |
55.70 |
10.55 |
44.69 |
10.27 |
51.76 |
9.65 |
58.41 |
7.70 |
| Inner suburbs |
58.18 |
9.19 |
46.89 |
6.85 |
53.49 |
8.29 |
61.75 |
6.19 |
| Paris |
55.22 |
13.13 |
40.13 |
1.37 |
43.19 |
7.32 |
62.93 |
4.10 |
| P For Trend* |
|
3.42* 0.0003 |
|
-18.98* <.0001 |
|
-31.05* <.0001 |
|
22.59* <.0001 |
| Neighborhood proportion of highly educated residents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
57.45 |
±9.13 |
47.33 |
±8.07 |
53.86 |
±7.35 |
60.36 |
±5.45 |
| Mid-low |
56.28 |
±11.11 |
44.31 |
±8.51 |
50.64 |
±9.86 |
60.62 |
±7.47 |
| Mid-high |
56.04 |
±11.81 |
42.63 |
±6.91 |
47.43 |
±9.71 |
61.32 |
±6.31 |
| High |
55.29 |
±12.66 |
41.22 |
±5.36 |
45.83 |
±9.28 |
61.94 |
±6.42 |
| P For Trend* |
|
-1.42* 0.078 |
|
-23.56* <.0001 |
|
-26.76* <.0001 |
|
11.27* <.0001 |
| Neighborhood typology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Type 1: suburban |
55.01 |
±9.28 |
47.10 |
±9.82 |
54.86 |
±6.50 |
60.33 |
±4.97 |
| Type 2: suburban |
55.92 |
±10.77 |
43.62 |
±9.40 |
50.73 |
±9.59 |
57.54 |
±8.46 |
| Type 3: urban |
58.12 |
±9.38 |
47.32 |
±7.33 |
53.86 |
±7.73 |
61.22 |
±5.50 |
| Type 4: urban |
57.57 |
±10.41 |
45.46 |
±7.64 |
53.24 |
±9.72 |
62.71 |
±6.45 |
| Type 5: central urban |
55.71 |
±12.80 |
40.00 |
±0.00 |
41.54 |
±4.79 |
62.26 |
±3.24 |
| Type 6: central urban |
54.63 |
±13.21 |
40.79 |
±3.70 |
42.39 |
±6.46 |
62.73 |
±4.28 |
| P For Trend** |
81.63** <.0001 |
1831.84** <.0001 |
963.46** <.0001 |
562.47** <.0001 |
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* P Values for trend were estimated from the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. ** P Values for trend were estimated from the Kruskall-Wallis test. All neighborhood variables were expressed as ordinal variables. Means and standard deviations were calculated, after excluding individuals with missing values for traffic noise and neighborhood variables. In the Ile-de-France region, “Paris” is the district 75; “inner suburbs” and “outer suburbs” gather respectively districts 92, 93, and 94 and districts 77, 78, 91, and 95. Abbreviations: “Type 1: suburban”: “Type 1: suburban, low social standing”; “Type 2: suburban”: “Type 2: suburban, high social standing”; “Type 3: urban”: “Type 3: urban, low social standing”; “ Type 4: urban”: “Type 4: urban, high social standing”; “Type 5: central urban”: “Type 5: central urban, high social standing”; “Type 6 : central urban”: “Type 6: central urban, intermediate social standing”.