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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2013 Jul 22;154(11):10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.028. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.028

Table 3.

Diet-induced changes in putative anti- and pronociceptive n-3 and n-6 metabolites.

Changes pre post diet intervention
H3-L6 (n = 27)a
L6 (n = 28)a
Between diets
Pre
Post
% Change (median) P valueb Pre
Post
% Change (median) P valueb Pre P value Post P valuec
Median IQR Median IQR Median IQR Median IQR
Omega-3 derived (pg/mL)
 EPA-derived pathway marker (precursor for E-series resolvin biosynthesis)
  18-HEPE 45.2 33.7, 66.5 98.7 70.6, 206.3 +118 <0.001 37.1 27.4, 69.3 59.8 41.3, 81.0 +61 0.02 0.58 <0.001
 DHA-derived pathway marker (precursor for D-series resolvin and protectin biosynthesis)
  17-HDHA 64.3 47.4, 91.4 173.7 88.5, 355.8 +170 <0.001 57.1 30.2, 101.6 72.6 37.9, 125.2 +27 0.01 0.31 <0.001
 DHA derived mediator with antinociceptive actions
  RvD2 35.4 18.2, 65.5 49.0 18.6, 102.4 +39 0.15 30.7 15.5, 63.4 35.6 24.7, 77.7 +16 0.12 0.45 0.60
 LA-derived mediators
  9-HODE 272.3 190.8–369.5 226.7 161.4, 274.1 −17 <0.01 263.5 226.3, 341.4 225.0 188.0, 278.4 −15 0.10 0.81 0.35
  13-HODE 262.3 206.7, 397.5 246.8 212.0, 284.5 −6 <0.01 289.9 232.6, 370.3 229.5 204.6, 302.8 −21 0.03 0.83 0.41
  Total HODEs 545.3 397.2, 772.0 478.6 375.0, 568.3 −12 <0.01 532.3 461.9, 753.6 463.4 385.4, 556.8 −13 0.05 0.70 0.36
  9-oxoODE 152.5 132.7, 200.6 125.5 105.6, 185.3 −18 187.8 160.3, 247.2 165.7 125.6, 214.1 −12 0.16 0.03 0.11
  13-oxoODE 248.9 193.7, 351.0 173.8 148.2, 255.7 −30 <0.01 272.4 232.5, 345.0 220.8 177.4, 287.4 −19 <0.01 0.09 0.35
  Total oxoODEs 396.8 325.2, 523.6 307.1 264.3, 438.6 −23 <0.01 466.0 405.3, 590.2 386.0 317.2, 493.5 −17 0.02 0.06 0.22
  Total OXLAMs 939.0 768.0, 1310.0 774.1 691.4, 988.6 −18 <0.001 982.8 875.8, 1341.0 873.5 709.9, 1043.3 −11 0.02 0.27 0.27
Omega-6 derived (nM)
 AA-derived mediators
  5-HETE 72.3 47.6, 91.2 52.7 42.3, 63.9 −27 0.001 68.1 46.4, 82.7 57.2 46.4, 69.7 −16 0.10 0.44 0.13
  8-HETE 39.6 33.4, 47.3 31.1 24.2, 36.0 −21 0.001 39.6 32.3, 45.0 32.6 28.8, 39.3 −18 0.02 0.81 0.27
  9-HETE 54.7 42.5, 67.1 34.2 27.8, 45.4 −38 <0.001 48.6 37.9, 62.8 37.6 31.6, 43.1 −23 <0.01 0.38 0.24
  11-HETE 35.2 26.8, 39.7 24.6 20.0, 28.7 −30 0.001 31.8 25.1, 37.1 27.1 23.5, 30.8 −15 0.05 0.36 0.24
  12-HETE 46.3 36.8, 52.3 35.5 28.0, 41.2 −23 <0.01 43.2 34.9, 50.5 37.3 31.4, 43.1 −14 0.06 0.53 0.39
  15-HETE 64.9 52.3, 77.7 53.4 41.3, 72.8 −18 0.06 60.4 53.1, 70.7 55.2 49.6, 71.6 −9 0.45 0.85 0.41
  Total HETEs 309.3 249.9, 381.3 236.7 187.0, 276.8 −23 0.001 281.9 224.2, 346.7 250.5 205.5, 293.2 −11 0.04 0.52 0.25

EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; 18-HEPE, 18R/S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16 Eeicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; 17-HDHA, 17R/S-hydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid; RVD2, 7S,16R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid; LA, linoleic acid; HODE, R/S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; oxo-ODE, R/S-oxo-octadecadienoic acid; OXLAM, oxidized LA metabolites; AA, arachidonic acid; HETE, R/S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.

a

Analysis includes all subjects who completed the intervention and provided both pre- and postintervention samples (H3-L6, n = 27 and L6, n = 28). Blood draw was unsuccessful for one subject; one additional sample was lost prior to analysis of n-3 derivatives (n = 26).

b

P-values for pre to post changes were calculated with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

c

P-values for effect of diet group assignment on postintervention fatty acids derived from analysis of covariance, adjusting for baseline values.