Table 1.
Characteristics of Women at Initial Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Diagnosis Between 1990 and 2001a
| Characteristic | Race/Ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black (n = 292) | Hispanic (n = 263) | Asian or Pacific Islander (n = 370) | Non-Hispanic White (n = 2075) | Total (N = 3000) | |
| Age at diagnosis, y | |||||
| <50 | 81 (27.7) | 84 (31.9) | 139 (37.6) | 457 (22.0) | 761 (25.4) |
| 50–59 | 85 (29.1) | 77 (29.3) | 116 (31.4) | 580 (28.0) | 858 (28.6) |
| 60–69 | 82 (28.1) | 81 (30.8) | 83 (22.4) | 560 (27.0) | 806 (26.9) |
| ≥70 | 44 (15.1) | 21 (8.0) | 32 (8.7) | 478 (23.0) | 575 (19.2) |
| — | — | — | — | P <.001 | |
| Year of diagnosis | |||||
| 1990–1991 | 24 (8.2) | 15 (5.7) | 21 (5.7) | 194 (9.4) | 254 (8.5) |
| 1992–1993 | 35 (12.0) | 24 (9.1) | 27 (7.3) | 264 (12.7) | 350 (11.7) |
| 1994–1995 | 33 (11.3) | 37 (14.1) | 40 (10.8) | 335 (16.1) | 445 (14.8) |
| 1996–1997 | 57 (19.5) | 45 (17.1) | 52 (14.1) | 406 (19.6) | 560 (18.7) |
| 1998–1999 | 69 (23.6) | 60 (22.8) | 108 (29.2) | 428 (20.6) | 665 (22.2) |
| 2000–2001 | 74 (25.3) | 82 (31.2) | 122 (33.0) | 448 (21.6) | 726 (24.2) |
| — | — | — | — | P <.001 | |
| Family history of breast cancer | |||||
| Yes | 53 (18.6) | 48 (18.5) | 41 (11.4) | 393 (19.4) | 535 (18.3) |
| No | 232 (81.4) | 212 (81.5) | 318 (88.6) | 1633 (80.6) | 2395 (81.7) |
| — | — | — | — | P <.001 | |
| Educationb | |||||
| ≤High school graduate | 110 (48.9) | 103 (45.4) | 59 (19.0) | 265 (17.3) | 537 (23.4) |
| ≥Some college | 115 (51.1) | 124 (54.6) | 252 (81.0) | 1266 (82.7) | 1757 (76.6) |
| — | — | — | — | P <.001 | |
| Median family incomeb | |||||
| Bottom 25% | 115 (51.1) | 84 (36.7) | 60 (19.2) | 317 (20.6) | 576 (25.0) |
| 25%–50% | 56 (24.9) | 59 (25.8) | 72 (23.1) | 389 (25.3) | 576 (25.0) |
| 51%–75% | 34 (15.1) | 56 (24.5) | 75 (24.0) | 411 (26.8) | 576 (25.0) |
| Top 25% | 20 (8.9) | 30 (13.1) | 105 (33.7) | 419 (27.3) | 574 (24.9) |
| — | — | — | — | P <.001 | |
| History of diabetes | |||||
| Yes | 34 (11.7) | 30 (11.4) | 30 (8.1) | 126 (6.1) | 220 (7.4) |
| No | 256 (88.3) | 233 (88.6) | 339 (91.9) | 1945 (93.9) | 2773 (92.7) |
| — | — | — | — | P <.001 | |
| Body mass indexc | |||||
| Underweight | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) | 15 (4.5) | 32 (1.7) | 50 (1.9) |
| Normal | 43 (17.4) | 64 (26.5) | 192 (58.0) | 777 (41.2) | 1076 (39.8) |
| Overweight | 89 (36.0) | 100 (41.3) | 103 (31.1) | 622 (33.0) | 914 (33.8) |
| Obese | 114 (46.2) | 76 (31.4) | 21 (6.3) | 456 (24.2) | 667 (24.6) |
| Unknown | 45 (15.4) | 21 (8.0) | 39 (10.5) | 188 (9.1) | 293 (9.8) |
| — | — | — | — | P <.001 | |
| Method of detectiond | |||||
| Palpation | 55 (19.2) | 47 (17.9) | 83 (22.5) | 334 (16.2) | 519 (17.4) |
| Mammography | 232 (80.8) | 216 (82.1) | 286 (77.5) | 1729 (83.8) | 2463 (82.6) |
| — | — | — | — | P = .02 | |
| Surgical margins, mme | |||||
| Involved | 8 (11.4) | 6 (10.2) | 13 (12.0) | 60 (8.7) | 87 (9.4) |
| Free, <2 | 17 (24.3) | 6 (10.2) | 17 (15.7) | 134 (19.3) | 174 (18.7) |
| Free, 2–9 | 4 (5.7) | 2 (3.4) | 3 (2.8) | 37 (5.3) | 46 (5.0) |
| Free, ≥10 | 25 (35.7) | 20 (33.9) | 34 (31.5) | 238 (34.3) | 317 (34.1) |
| Free, unknown distance | 16 (22.9) | 25 (42.4) | 41 (38.0) | 224 (32.3) | 306 (32.9) |
| — | — | — | — | P = .43 | |
| Tumor size, cme | |||||
| ≤1 | 23 (44.2) | 29 (59.2) | 43 (61.4) | 316 (65.7) | 411 (63.0) |
| 1–2 | 20 (38.5) | 11 (22.5) | 23 (32.9) | 130 (27.0) | 184 (28.2) |
| >2 | 9 (17.3) | 9 (18.4) | 4 (5.7) | 35 (7.3) | 57 (8.7) |
| — | — | — | — | P = .005 | |
| Nuclear gradee | |||||
| Low | 9 (19.2) | 10 (25.0) | 13 (17.8) | 101 (24.9) | 133 (23.5) |
| Medium | 18 (38.3) | 13 (32.5) | 30 (41.1) | 136 (33.6) | 197 (34.9) |
| High | 20 (42.6) | 17 (42.5) | 30 (41.1) | 168 (41.5) | 235 (41.6) |
| — | — | — | — | P = .81 | |
| Comedo histologic growth patterne | |||||
| Absent | 46 (61.3) | 36 (57.1) | 70 (64.2) | 448 (61.5) | 600 (61.5) |
| Present | 29 (38.7) | 27 (42.9) | 39 (35.8) | 281 (38.6) | 376 (38.5) |
| — | — | — | — | P = .84 | |
| Necrosise | |||||
| Absent | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 3 (6.7) | 19 (6.8) | 23 (6.2) |
| Present | 21 (100.0) | 26 (96.3) | 42 (93.3) | 260 (93.2) | 349 (93.8) |
| — | — | — | — | P = .60 | |
| Treatment modality | |||||
| BCS with radiation therapy | 113 (38.7) | 108 (41.1) | 160 (60.8) | 869 (41.9) | 1250 (41.7) |
| BCS with tamoxifen | 13 (4.5) | 10 (3.8) | 21 (8.0) | 85 (4.1) | 129 (4.3) |
| BCS with radiation therapy and tamoxifen | 25 (8.6) | 38 (14.5) | 51 (19.4) | 223 (10.8) | 337 (11.2) |
| BCS alone | 141 (48.3) | 107 (40.7) | 138 (52.5) | 898 (43.3) | 1284 (42.8) |
| — | — | — | — | P = .10 | |
BCS indicates breast-conserving surgery.
P values are based on χ2 test. Unknown values were excluded in this analysis. Column totals do not add up to 3000 due to missing numbers.
Education and median family income represent geocoded data for California sites. Quartiles are bottom 25%, less than $44,688; 25% to 50%, $44,689 to $60,438; 51% to 75%, $60,439 to $78,361; and top 25% (>$78,361).
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Underweight is lower than 18.5; normal, 18.5 to 24.9; overweight, 25 to 29.9; and obese, 30 or higher.
Method of detection varied by age (χ2 = 19.20; P = .001).
Surgical margins and pathologic data were available for 986 patients at 1 study site only. Races/ethnicities were black, 75 patients; Hispanic, 63 patients; Asian or Pacific Islander, 110 patients; and white, 738 patients.