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Heart rate (fH), stroke volume (VS) and cardiac output (Q) recorded in golden-mantled ground squirrels (C. lateralis) evaluated during the active, hibernating and arousal period with corresponding mean heart rates (379, 7, 40 and 100 beats min−1). Hibernating ground squirrels manifest higher stroke volume than during the active period. As heart rate increased during arousal, mean stroke volume declined.
