Table 2.

An inventory of floral diversity documented by local respondents (n=450) from three districts (Faisalabad, Sargodha and Lahore) of Punjab, Pakistan for the treatment of equine disease

Sr.	Botanical name/	Local name	Family	Part (s) used	Usage diversity	No. of	Part of
No.	English name					prescriptions	remedies
1.	Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile	Desi kikar	Fabaceae	Branches	Internal parasites, swelling	2	2
2.	Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don	Piyaz	Liliaceae	Bulb	Anorexia, bad habits, bronchitis, colic, diarrhea, fever, heat stress, indigestion, pain, quidding, weakness	11	33
3.	Allium sativum L.	Lehsan	Liliaceae	Bulb	Bronchitis, fever, indigestion	3	3
4.	Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.	Kawar gandal	Aloaceae	Leaves	Anorexia, bronchitis	2	2
5.	Amomum subulatum Roxb.	Ilaichi	Zingiberaceae	Fruit	Fever	1	1
6.	Anethum graveolens L.	Soye	Umbelliferae	Seeds	Anorexia, bronchitis, colic, fever, indigestion, lameness, toxemia, weakness	8	10
7.	Azadirachta indica A. Juss.	Neem	Meliaceae	Leaves	Dermatitis, external parasites, lameness, wound	5	13
8.	Bambusa bambos L.	Bans	Bambusaceae	Leaves	Bronchitis	1	1
9.	Brassica campestris L. ssp. napus Duthie and Fuller	Surson	Brassicaseae	Seeds, seed oil	Colic, dermatitis, diarrhea, external parasites, lameness, retention of urine, swelling, weakness, wound	8	47
10.	Calotropis procera (Ait.) W.T.Ait.	Aak	Asclepiadaceae	Buds	Weakness	1	1
11.	Capsicum annum L.	Subz mirch	Solanaceae	Fruit	Anorexia, bronchitis, fever, indigestion, lameness, quidding, retention of urine, toxemia, weakness	9	19
12.	Cascuta reflexa Roxb.	Akas bail	Cuscutaceae	Whole plant	Lameness	1	1
13.	Cicer arietinum L.	Kalay chaney	Fabaceae	Seeds	Dermatitis, lameness, wound	3	4
14.	Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.	Kor tumma	Cucurbitaceae	Fruit	Anorexia, fever, indigestion, weakness	4	9
15.	Citrus limon (L.) Burm.	Nimbu	Rutaceae	Fruit	Lameness, wound	2	2
16.	Cocos nucifera L.	Giri	Arecaceae	Oil	Lameness	1	1
17.	Curcuma longa L.	Haldi	Zingiberaceae	Rhizome	External parasite, lameness, wound	3	8
18.	Eruca sativa Mill.	Tara mera	Cruciferae	Seed, seed oil	Dermatitis, external parasite, wound	3	5
19.	Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.	Loung	Myrtaceae	Fruit	Anorexia, lameness, pain	3	4
20.	Euphorbia caducifolia Haines.	Danda thor	Euphorbiaceae	Branches	Colic	1	1
21.	Ficus religiosa L.	Pipal	Moraceae	Bark	Swelling	1	1
22.	Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill.	Sounf	Apiaceae	Seeds	Indigestion, weakness	2	2
23.	Geranium wallichianum D. Don Ex Sweet	Ratan jot	Geraniaceae	Seeds	Lameness, wound	2	4
24.	Glycyrrhiza glabra L.	Mullathi	Fabaceae	Roots	Bronchitis	1	7
25.	Grewia asiatica L.	Falsa	Tiliaceae	Fruit	Lameness	1	1
26.	Halorrhena pubescens Wall. ExG. Don.	Kuro	Apocynaceae	Bark	Heat stress	1	1
27.	Hordeum vulgare L.	Jow	Poaceae	Seeds	Heat stress	1	1
28.	Lagenaria siceraria Molina	Kuddo	Cucurbitaceae	Leaves	Internal parasite	1	1
29.	Lawsonia inermis L.	Mehndi	Lythraceae	Leaves	Wound	1	7
30.	Lens culinaris Medik.	Masoor	Fabaceae	Seeds	Wound	1	1
31.	Lepidium sativum L.	Halion	Apiaceae	Seeds	Internal parasites, weakness	2	2
32.	Linum usitatissimum L.	Alsi	Linaceae	Seeds	Internal parasites	1	1
33.	Mallotus philippinensis (Lamk.) Meull. Arg.	Kamela	Euphorbiaceae	Fruit	Anorexia, internal parasites	2	4
34.	Mangifera indica L.	Aam	Anacardiaceae	Fruit	Lameness	1	1
35.	Medicago sativa L.	Lusan	Papilionaceae	Leaves	Lameness	1	1
36.	Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.	Podina	Lamiaceae	Leaves	Anorexia	1	1
37.	Myristica fragrans HOUTT.	Jaful	Myristicaceae	Fruit	Lameness, pain, tetanus	3	5
38.	Nicotiana tabacum L.	Tambaku	Solanaceae	Leaves	Colic, pain	2	3
39.	Nigella sativa L.	Kalonji	Ranunculaceae	Seeds	Anorexia, bronchitis	2	2
40.	Olea europaea L.	Zaytoon	Oleaceae	Fruit	Lameness	1	1
41.	Oryza sativa L.	Chawal	Poaceae	Whole plant	Internal parasites	1	1
42.	Peganum harmala L.	Hurmil	Zygophyllaceae	Fruit	Anorexia, lameness, pain, swelling	4	4
43.	Pennisetum glaucum L.	Bajra	Poaceae	Whole	Lameness	1	1
44.	Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex. Benth.	Kourdh	Scrofulariaceae	Rhizome	Anorexia, fever, indigestion, lameness, tetanus, weakness	6	11
45.	Piper betle L.	Paan	Piperaceae	Leaves	Anorexia	1	1
46.	Piper nigrum L.	Kali mirch	Piperaceae	Pepper corn	Anorexia, bronchitis, toxemia	3	5
47.	Prunus dulcis Mill.	Badam	Rosaceae	Seed	Diarrhea	1	1
48.	Ricinus communis L.	Arind	Euphorbiaceae	Flower oil	Internal parasites	1	1
49.	Rosa damascena Mill.	Gulab	Rosaceae	Flowers	Bronchitis	1	4
50.	Sesamum indicum L.	Til	Pedaliaceae	Seeds, seed oil	Colic, dermatitis, lameness, pain	4	7
51.	Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill.	Ajwain	Apiaceae	Seeds	Anorexia, bronchitis, colic, fever, heat stress, indigestion, lameness, retention of urine	8	19
52.	Trifolium alexandrinum L.	Barseem	Papilionaceae	Whole plant	Wound	1	1
53.	Trigonella foenum-graecum L.	Methray	Fabaceae	Seeds	Toxemia	1	1
54.	Triticum aestivum L.	Gundum	Poaceae	Flour, grain	External parasites, lameness, weakness, wound	4	5
55.	Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd.	Kali zeeri	Asteraceae	Seeds	Anorexia, bronchitis, colic, diarrhea, heat stress, indigestion, lameness, toxemia, + Weakness+ Wound	10	23
56.	Withania coagulans Dunal	Paneer	Solanaceae	Leaves	Anorexia, fever, indigestion, weakness	4	4
57.	Withania somnifera L. Dunal	Aksan	Solanaceae	Leaves	Wound	1	1
58.	Zea mays L.	Makai	Gramineae	Flour	Anorexia, haematuria, weakness, wound	4	5
59.	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Adrak	Zingiberaceae	Rhizome	Anorexia, bronchitis, colic, fever, heat stress, indigestion, lameness, pain, tetanus, weakness	10	26
60.	Ziziphus jujuba L. Lam., non P. Mill.	Beri	Rhamnaceae	Leaves	Wound	1	1