TABLE III.

Changes in symptom severity, fatigue, distress, coping, and quality of life

Variable	Pts (n)	Baseline score (mean)	Change in score		p Value	Effect sizea
			Mean	95% ci
Symptom severityb
Weakness	129	5.5±2.0	1.5	1.1 to 1.8	<0.0001	0.7
Depression	126	3.3±2.5	1.4	1.1 to 1.8	<0.0001	0.7
Nervousness	124	3.7±2.6	1.3	0.9 to 1.7	<0.0001	0.6
Shortness of breath	128	3.6±2.8	1.2	0.8 to 1.7	<0.0001	0.5
Sleepiness	129	3.9±2.9	1.1	0.6 to 1.6	<0.0001	0.4
Insomnia	129	4.1±2.7	1.0	0.5 to 1.4	0.0001	0.4
Pain	127	3.6±2.8	1.0	0.5 to 1.4	<0.0001	0.4
Anorexia	127	4.0±2.9	1.0	0.5 to 1.4	<0.0001	0.4
Fatigue dimensionc
Reduced activity	70	14.1±4.1	4.6	3.6 to 5.6	<0.0001	1.1
Physical fatigue	72	14.5±4.3	3.7	2.6 to 4.7	<0.001	0.8
General fatigue	71	13.8±3.8	2.8	1.8 to 3.8	<0.0001	0.7
Decreased motivation	71	9.9±3.5	1.6	0.8 to 2.5	0.0004	0.4
Mental fatigue	71	10.0±4.1	1.7	0.8 to 2.6	0.0005	0.4
Distressd	126	4.2±2.6	1.4	0.9 to 1.9	<0.0001	0.5
Copinge	77	4.1±2.7	1.8	1.2 to 2.4	<0.0001	0.7
Quality of lifef	129	4.5±2.3	1.0	0.6 to 1.3	<0.0001	0.5

^aSmall: 0.2–0.5; moderate: 0.5–08; strong: >0.8.

^bMeasured using the modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, which ranges from 0 (symptom is absent) to 10 (worst possible symptom severity).

^cMeasured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, in which each fatigue dimension is scored out of 20, with higher scores indicating greater fatigue.

^dMeasured using the Distress Thermometer, which ranges from 0 (no distress) to 10 (extreme distress).

^eMeasured using the Coping Thermometer, which ranges from 0 (no difficulty coping) to 10 (great difficulty coping).

^fMeasured using the modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, which ranges from 0 (excellent quality of life) to 10 (very bad quality of life).