TABLE I.

Types of cross-disciplinary research, as described by Rosenfield³¹

Type	Definition
Multidisciplinarity	The process whereby researchers from different disciplines work independently or sequentially, each from a discipline-specific perspective, to address a common problem.
Interdisciplinarity	The process whereby researchers from different academic disciplines work together to address a common problem, and yet continue to do so largely from their respective disciplinary perspectives.
Transdisciplinarity	The process whereby researchers from different disciplines work together to develop and use a shared conceptual framework that integrates discipline-specific concepts, theories, and methods to address a common problem.