Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with and without postoperative delirium
| |
No delirium |
Delirium |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n=38 (62%) | n=23 (38%) | ||
| Age (years) |
82.9 ±4.5 |
84.6 ±5.2 |
0.18 |
| Gender n/N (% female) |
26/38 (68.4) |
16/23 (69.9) |
0.93 |
| Living independently, n/N (%) |
25/38 (65.8) |
15/23 (65.2) |
0.68 |
| Low educational level, n/N (%) |
13/36 (36.1) |
7/22 (31.8) |
0.78 |
| Visual impairmenta, n/N (%) |
2/38 (5.3) |
1/21 (4.8) |
0.93 |
| APACHE IIb score |
13 (11–13) |
13 (12–14) |
0.20 |
| ASAc group, n/N (%) |
|
|
0.04 |
| Group I; |
17/38 (44.7) |
4/23 (17.4) |
|
| II; |
17/38 (44.7) |
12/23 (52.2) |
|
| III; |
4/38 (10.5) |
7/23 (30.4) |
|
| Number of co-morbid diseases |
1.0 (1.0-2.0) |
2.0 (1.0-2.0) |
0.26 |
| Number of medications at home |
2.5 (1.0-5.0) |
4.0 (3.0-5.0) |
0.06 |
| IQCODE-Nd score |
3.2 (3.0-3.4) |
3.8 (3.3-4.1) |
<0.001 |
| IQCODE-Nd score >3.6, n/N (%) |
4/37 (10.8) |
13/21 (61.9) |
<0.001 |
| MMSEe score |
25.6 ±2.5 |
23.2 ±3.6 |
0.005 |
| MMSEe score <24, n/N (%) |
8/37 (21.6) |
11/22 (50.0) |
0.04 |
| GDSf score |
2.0 (1.0-3.0) |
2.0 (1.0-3.0) |
0.96 |
| BIg score |
19.0 (17.9-20.0) |
18.0 (14.8-20.0) |
0.03 |
| Lawton IADLh score | 10.0 (8.0-14.7) | 14.5 (11.3-17.8) | 0.03 |
Values are expressed as means ± SD or median (IQR), n/N is number with characteristic/total number, (%) is percentage.
aVisual impairment measured with the standardized Snellen test for visual impairment and defined as binocular near vision worse than 20/70 after correction.
bAPACHE II: Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II, range 0 (no acute health problems) to 70 (severe acute health problems).
cASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system, range 1 (normal health) to 5 (moribund).
dIQCODE-N: Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly - Short Form, range 16 (cognitive improvement) to 80 (severe cognitive decline), mean score >3.6 indicates cognitive decline.
eMMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, range 0 (severe cognitive impairment) to 30 (no cognitive impairment), score <24 indicates cognitive impairment.
fGDS: Geriatric Depression Scale, range 0 (depression not likely) to 15 (depression very likely).
gBI: Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living, range 0 (severe disability) to 20 (no disability).
hLawton IADL: Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale, range 8 (no disability) to 31 (severe disability).