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. 2013 Oct 8;14:116. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-116

Table 1.

Electrical and geometric parameters in the model

 
Electrical properties
Source
Thickness (mm)
Source
  Location (sole/rest of foot)  
Tissue
 
 
 
 
Heel
Arch
Forefoot
 
Bone
ϵr
10,000
[23]
Sole & rest
10
10
10
 
marrow
σ (S/m)
0.09
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cortical
ϵr
3,000
[23]
Sole & rest
6
6
6
[15]
bone
σ (S/m)
0.02
 
 
 
 
 
 
Muscle
ϵr
1.5×106
[24]
Rest
3
3
3
[25]
 
σ (S/m)
0.5
 
Sole
0
2
0
US *
Fat
ϵr
10,000
[24]
Rest
4
4
4
[16]
 
σ (S/m)
0.025
 
Sole
9.7
5.3
6.1
US
Dermis
ϵrr
1.26×106
[22]
Rest
1.3
1.3
1.3
[16]
 
ϵrz
4.01×105
 
 
σ (S/m) - r
2.57
 
Sole
5.1
4.3
4.6
US-SB **
 
σ (S/m) - z
1.62
 
Vital
ϵr - r
2.71×105
[22]
Rest
0.042
0.042
0.042
SB
epidermis
ϵr - z
7.30×104
 
 
σ (S/m) - r
0.95
 
Sole
0.213
0.094
0.107
SB
 
σ (S/m) - z
0.15
 
Stratum
ϵr
1,500
[21]
Rest
0.033
0.033
0.033
SB
corneum σ (S/m) 5×10-4   Sole 0.748 0.161 0.253 SB

The relative permittivity (ϵr) and conductivity (σ) were adopted from literature. The geometry values for the sole of the foot were determined from ultrasound (US) scans and the skin biopsies (SB) used for the Nav1.7 immunochemistry. Since the US scans provided only a bulk measure for the entire skin, and the SB provided only an estimate of the thickness of the stratum corneum and vital epidermis (*), the thickness of the dermis was calculated as the thickness of the entire skin subtracted the thickness of the entire epidermis (**, Stratum corneum + Vital epidermis).