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. 2013 Aug 14;33(12):1875–1885. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.132

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Diagram of Akt/mTOR pathways, definition of ischemic penumbra and core, and expression of Akt isoforms after stroke. (A) Diagram shows that the PI3K/Akt pathway closely interacts with the mTOR pathway. (B) Diagram shows the definition of ischemic penumbra and core. Penumbra (P) refers to the ischemic region that can be rescued by various neuroprotectants. Core (C) refers to the region of permanent damage. (C) Representative DNA bands from RT-PCR for Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 in both the ischemic penumbra and core. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a housekeeping control gene. Bar graphs represent relative optical densities of DNA bands of Akt isoforms in ischemic brains, normalized to densities in sham rats and expressed as percentages. (D) Representative western blot with protein bands for Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3. A β-actin control ensured equal protein loading. Bar graphs represent relative optical densities of Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 protein bands, normalized to those in the sham group. N=6/group. *, **, ***, versus sham, P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001, respectively; Φ, ΦΦ P<0.05, 0.01, respectively, between the two indicated groups. n=5 to 6/group.