Table 1. Characteristics of 1576 male physicians by quartiles of plasma cis-vaccenic acid*.
| Quartiles of plasma phospholipid cis-vaccenic acid | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Q1 (low) 1.17[0.08-1.29] (N=441) | Q2 1.35[1.30-1.41] (N=398) | Q3 1.47[1.42-1.53] (N=342) | Q4 (high) 1.67[1.54-2.24] (N=395) | P value |
| Age (y) | 57.6±7.9 | 58.6±7.8 | 59.3±8.0 | 60.1±8.3 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.0±3.0 | 25.5±3.1 | 24.6±2.7 | 24.4±2.5 | <0.0001 |
| Plasma cis 16:1 n-7† | 0.32±0.13 | 0.31±0.11 | 0.32±0.14 | 0.35±0.19 | 0.0002 |
| Plasma DPA† | 0.80±0.21 | 0.84±0.24 | 0.87±0.28 | 0.86±0.23 | 0.0002 |
| Plasma EPA† | 0.79±0.37 | 0.74±0.37 | 0.74±0.42 | 0.75±0.56 | 0.19 |
| Plasma DHA† | 2.92±0.88 | 3.00±0.92 | 3.05±0.91 | 3.25±1.12 | <0.0001 |
| Plasma 18:0† | 14.3±1.2 | 14.0±1.2 | 13.7±1.1 | 13.5±1.2 | <0.0001 |
| Plasma oleic acid (18:1)† | 7.72±1.02 | 7.77±0.98 | 7.82±0.92 | 8.12±1.21 | <0.0001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 3.0±5.2 | 2.6±5.2 | 2.4±5.9 | 2.1±3.3 | 0.005 |
| Prevalent diabetes (%) | 9.5 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 0.0003 |
| Prevalent CHD (%)‡ | 19.3 | 15.6 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 0.02 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 2.8 | 0.58 |
| Hypertension (%) | 37.1 | 31.7 | 26.8 | 27.8 | 0.006 |
| Current smoking (%) | 15.4 | 8.3 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 0.008 |
| Never smokers (%) | 43.5 | 45.8 | 41.9 | 49.1 | 0.22 |
| Current alcohol intake (%) | 85.0 | 81.8 | 85.0 | 84.3 | 0.57 |
| Vigorous exercise (%) | 70.5 | 71.8 | 79.1 | 74.3 | 0.04 |
|
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*
Data are presented as means ± standard deviation or percentages. Few participants had missing data on hypertension (n=10), smoking (n=2), alcohol use (n=6), and physical activity (n=10).
†
Plasma phospholipid fatty acids expressed as percentage of total plasma phospholipids (DPA: docosapentaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid)
‡
CHD: coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery)