Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study population
|
Patients with rCAP |
% |
Healthy controls |
% |
Comparison between groups |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 146) | (n = 145) | p* | |||
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
| Female |
73 |
50.0 |
73 |
50.0 |
0.95 |
| Male |
73 |
50.0 |
72 |
50.0 |
|
| Age, mean ± SD (yrs) |
7.9 ± 4.5 |
|
8.1 ± 4.5 |
|
0.70 |
| Gestational age (weeks) |
|
|
|
|
|
| <32 |
11 |
7.5 |
0 |
0 |
|
| 32-36 |
18 |
12.3 |
17 |
11.7 |
0.003 |
| ≥37 |
117 |
80.2 |
128 |
88.3 |
|
| Birth weight (g) |
|
|
|
|
|
| <750 |
3 |
2.1 |
0 |
0 |
|
| 750-1,000 |
1 |
0.7 |
0 |
0 |
|
| 1,001-1,500 |
7 |
4.8 |
0 |
0 |
0.006 |
| 1,501-2,500 |
14 |
9.6 |
7 |
4.8 |
|
| >2500 |
121 |
82.8 |
138 |
95.2 |
|
| Respiratory distress at birth |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
26 |
17.8 |
0 |
0 |
<0.001 |
| No |
120 |
82.2 |
145 |
100 |
|
| Breast-feeding >3 months |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
83 |
58.4 |
85 |
58.6 |
0.94 |
| No |
59 |
41.6 |
60 |
41.4 |
|
| Type of dwelling |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urban |
127 |
87.0 |
124 |
85.5 |
0.72 |
| Rural |
19 |
13.0 |
21 |
14.5 |
|
| Exposure to cigarette smoke |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
55 |
37.7 |
45 |
31.0 |
0.23 |
| No |
91 |
62.3 |
100 |
69.0 |
|
| Number of siblings |
|
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
48 |
32.9 |
45 |
31.0 |
0.08 |
| 1 |
66 |
45.2 |
74 |
51.0 |
|
| 2 |
26 |
17.8 |
26 |
17.9 |
|
| ≥3 |
6 |
4.1 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Age starting day care attendance |
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤1 year |
14 |
9.6 |
0 |
0 |
<0.001 |
| >13-23 months |
24 |
16.4 |
2 |
1.4 |
|
| 24-35 months |
33 |
22.6 |
40 |
27.6 |
|
| 36-47 months |
64 |
43.8 |
103 |
71.0 |
|
| ≥4 years | 11 | 7.5 | 0 | 0 |
rCAP: recurrent community-acquired pneumonia; SD: standard deviation. *P values were calculated using Student’s t test, the chi-squared test or Fisher’s test, as appropriate.