Table 2.
Predisposing factors associated with CAP recurrences in children with rCAP and controls, and corresponding odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)
| Patients with rCAP | Healthy controls | Comparison between groups | OR (95% CI)§ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
(n = 146) |
% |
(n = 145) |
% |
p°° |
|
|
Predisposing factor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Heart disease |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
3 |
2.1 |
0 |
0 |
0.25 |
- |
| No |
143 |
97.9 |
145 |
100.0 |
|
|
| Oro-motor incoordination/swal-lowing dysfunction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
4 |
2.7 |
0 |
0 |
0.12 |
- |
| No |
142 |
97.3 |
145 |
100.0 |
|
|
| Primary ciliary dyskinesia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
1 |
0.7 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
- |
| No |
145 |
99.3 |
145 |
100.0 |
|
|
| Primary or acquired immunodeficiency |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
2 |
1.4 |
0 |
0 |
0.50 |
- |
| No |
144 |
98.6 |
145 |
100.0 |
|
|
| GERD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
31 |
21.2 |
20 |
13.8 |
0.69 |
1.33 (0.64-2.80) |
| No |
115 |
78.8 |
125 |
86.2 |
|
1§§ |
| Overweight/obesity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| BMI SD <1 |
112 |
76.7 |
119 |
82.1 |
0.76 |
1§§ |
| BMI SD ≥1 |
34 |
23.3 |
26 |
17.9 |
|
1.34 (0.58-1.97) |
| Wheezing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
113 |
77.4 |
20 |
13.8 |
<0.001 |
32.00 (10.14-100.96) |
| No |
33 |
22.6 |
125 |
86.2 |
|
1§§ |
| Chronic rhinosinusitis with post-nasal drip |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
105 |
71.9 |
6 |
4.1 |
<0.001 |
59.33 (24.48-144.97) |
| No |
41 |
28.1 |
139 |
95.9 |
|
1§§ |
| Middle lobe syndrome |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
44 |
30.1 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
| No |
102 |
69.9 |
145 |
100.0 |
<0.001 |
- |
| Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
99 |
67.8 |
29 |
20.0 |
<0.001 |
6.75 (3.68-12.37) |
| No |
47 |
32.2 |
116 |
80.0 |
|
1§§ |
| Atopy/allergy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
75 |
51.4 |
17 |
11.7 |
<0.001 |
7.44 (3.71-14.93) |
| No |
71 |
48.6 |
128 |
88.3 |
|
1§§ |
| Asthma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
46 |
31.5 |
8 |
5.5 |
<0.001 |
10.50 (3.77-29.28) |
| No | 100 | 68.5 | 137 | 94.5 | 1§§ |
CI: confidence interval; BMI SD: body mass index standard deviation; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux diseae; OR: odds ratio. °°Chi-squared or Fisher’s test, as appropriate; rCAP: recurrent community-acquired pneumonia. §ORs from conditional logistic regression model, stratified by gender and age.§§reference category.