Table 2.

Results of the joint longitudinal survival model investigating the effect of longitudinal changes in rim area in predicting the risk of development of visual field loss, while adjusting for confounding factors.

Longitudinal submodel
Parameter	Coefficient	95% confidence interval	P
Constant	1.194	1.08 – 1.31	<0.001
Age, per decade older	0.022	0.004 – 0.041	0.020
Race, Black	0.042	−0.008 – 0.092	0.097
IOP, per 1mmHg higher	0.004	0.001 – 0.008	0.017
CCT, per 100µm thinner	−0.106	−0.165 – −0.048	<0.001
Disc Area, per 0.1mm2 larger	0.026	0.022 – 0.031	<0.001
Time	0.001	−0.004 – 0.006	0.714
Time x Age	−0.0007	−0.0017 – 0.0001	0.097
Time x Race	−0.0034	−0.0058 - −0.001	0.006
Time x IOP	−0.0005	−0.0008 - −0.0002	0.002
Time x CCT	−0.002	−0.005 – 0.0006	0.178
Time x Disc Area	−0.00024	−0.0005 - −0.00002	0.034
Survival submodel
Parameter	Coefficient	95% confidence interval	P	Hazard Ratio
Slope, per −0.01mm2/year lower	1.08	0.32 – 1.83	0.005	2.94
Intercept, per 0.1mm2 higher	0.066	−0.074 – 0.208	0.357	1.07
Age, per decade older	0.06	−0.20 – 0.32	0.644	1.06
Race, Black	0.42	−0.22 – 1.06	0.197	1.52
IOP, per 1mmHg higher	0.0287	−0.0650 – 0.1224	0.548	1.03
CCT, per 100µm thinner	0.85	0.04 – 1.66	0.039	2.34
PSD, per 0.1dB higher	0.13	0.10 – 0.16	<0.001	1.14
Disc Area, per 0.1mm2 larger	−0.036	−0.106 – 0.034	0.316	0.96

IOP – intraocular pressure; CCT – central corneal thickness; PSD – pattern standard deviation