Table 1.

Screening for ingredients that enhance ADM production.

Test sample origin	Ingredient	Concentration (μmol/L)	Growth activity (optical density)	ADM production (pg/mL)
—	Control	—	1.419 ± 0.045	85.3 ± 4.9
Processed ginger	[6]-Gingerol	3	1.429 ± 0.016	99.7 ± 12.4
		30	1.400 ± 0.025	93.0 ± 6.5
	[6]-Shogaol	3	1.504 ± 0.019	100.0 ± 9.3
		30	1.363 ± 0.023	246.3 ± 5.0*
Ginseng radix	Ginsenoside Rb1	3	1.399 ± 0.014	98.0 ± 2.6
		30	1.366 ± 0.047	90.7 ± 9.2
	Ginsenoside Rg1	3	1.393 ± 0.067	89.0 ± 5.1
		30	1.375 ± 0.040	95.7 ± 3.8
	Ginsenoside Rd	3	1.379 ± 0.045	88.3 ± 5.4
		30	1.386 ± 0.026	103.3 ± 12.3
Japanese pepper	Xanthoxylin	3	1.429 ± 0.030	89.3 ± 7.4
		30	1.395 ± 0.012	99.0 ± 12.1
	Hydroxy α-sanshool	3	1.449 ± 0.009	110.3 ± 12.5
		30	1.557 ± 0.013*	120.3 ± 8.8*
		100	1.493 ± 0.043	162.0 ± 1.7*
Maltose syrup	Maltose	30	1.484 ± 0.019	106.7 ± 11.0
		300	1.467 ± 0.031	106.7 ± 11.7

IEC-6 cells were settled overnight and cultured for 1 d with or without the test sample at the indicated concentrations. ADM in the culture fluids was measured by EIA. Cell growth was measured using an XTT reduction assay kit. N = 3. *P < 0.05 versus control by Dunnett test.