Table 2.
Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Diabetes by Parity Across Maternal BMI Category
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (18.5–24.9), n (%) |
Overweight (25–29.9), n (%) |
Obese (30–39.9), n (%) |
Morbidly obese (40–49.9), n (%) |
Superobese (≥ 50), n (%) |
|
| Maternal | |||||
| Nulliparous | |||||
| Vaginal deliverya | 890 (53.9) | 531 (45.9) | 618 (39.5) | 164 (31.1) | 19 (19.8) |
| Operative vaginal deliverya | 253 (15.3) | 130 (11.2) | 157 (10.0) | 38 (7.2) | 9 (9.4) |
| Primary elective cesareana | 256 (15.5) | 264 (22.8) | 439 (28.1) | 179 (33.9) | 38 (39.6) |
| Primary emergency cesareana | 252 (15.3) | 231 (20.0) | 350 (22.4) | 145 (27.5) | 29 (30.2) |
| Multiparous | |||||
| Vaginal deliverya | 1,494 (64.9) | 1,369 (59.1) | 1,732 (50.4) | 467 (39.0) | 71 (30.9) |
| Operative vaginal delivery | 108 (4.7) | 95 (4.1) | 147 (4.3) | 53 (4.4) | 9 (3.9) |
| Vaginal birth after cesareanb | 49 (2.1) | 69 (3.0) | 63 (1.8) | 20 (1.7) | 1 (0.4) |
| Primary elective cesareana | 112 (4.9) | 118 (5.1) | 254 (7.4) | 122 (10.2) | 11 (4.8) |
| Primary emergency cesareana | 85 (3.7) | 90 (3.9) | 173 (5.0) | 88 (7.4) | 24 (10.4) |
| Repeat cesareana | 453 (19.7) | 574 (24.8) | 1,070 (31.1) | 448 (37.4) | 114 (49.6) |
| Preeclampsiaa | 182 (4.6) | 267 (7.6) | 513 (10.2) | 183 (10.5) | 48 (14.6) |
| Neonatal | |||||
| Macrosomiaa | 65 (1.6) | 135 (3.9) | 222 (4.4) | 111 (6.4) | 26 (7.9) |
| Low birth weightb | 120 (3.0) | 72 (2.1) | 105 (2.1) | 25 (1.4) | 11 (3.3) |
| Birth traumaa | 157 (4.0) | 144 (4.1) | 170 (3.4) | 68 (3.9) | 14 (4.2) |
| Neonatal hypoglycemiaa | 406 (10.2) | 408 (11.7) | 764 (15.2) | 299 (17.2) | 75 (22.7) |
| Length of stay > 5 da | 156 (3.9) | 166 (4.8) | 275 (5.5) | 141 (8.1) | 38 (11.5) |
| Low Apgarb | 31 (0.8) | 42 (1.2) | 41 (0.8) | 26 (1.5) | 10 (3.0) |
| Composite morbiditya,c | 685 (17.3) | 675 (19.3) | 1,132 (22.5) | 457 (26.3) | 113 (34.2) |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.
a
p < 0.0001.
b
p < 0.001.
c
Low Apgar score (<7 at 5 min), birth trauma, infection, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, seizures, neonatal length of stay > 5 d, and/or meconium aspiration syndrome.