Figure 1.
Biotransformation of aromatic amines in the liver and delivery of carcinogenic metabolites to the bladder via urinary excretion. Metabolites formed in the liver may vary with different aromatic amines, and the metabolites shown herein may be incomplete. Some of the metabolites generated in the liver are known to be too unstable to reach the bladder. Arylnitronium ion is highly reactive and may be generated from N-hydroxy aromatic amines or other metabolites.