Table 2.
Factors affecting refusal or non-attendance to diagnostic evaluation for tuberculosis among individuals with at least one symptom referred by primary care centres *
| |
Total |
Refusal or non- |
OR (95% CI) |
MLR-OR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
attendance |
||||
| (n=176) | n (%) | ||||
| All |
|
176 |
80 (45.5) |
|
|
| Gender |
Male |
143 |
62 (43.4) |
1 |
1 |
| Female |
33 |
18 (54.5) |
1.6 (0.7–3.4) |
1.9 (0.8–4.4) |
|
| Age (each 10–year increase) |
|
|
|
0.8 (0.7–1.1) |
0.7 (0.5–0.9)† |
| Length of stay in Italy (yrs) |
<2 |
65 |
30 (46.2) |
1 |
|
| >2 |
106 |
49 (46.2) |
1.0 (0.5–1.9) |
|
|
| Centre (a) |
A |
39 |
8 (20.5) |
0.2 (0.1–0.5)† |
0.3 (0.1–1.1)‡ |
| B |
108 |
59 (54.6) |
1 |
1 |
|
| C |
29 |
13 (44.8) |
0.7 (0.3–1.5) |
0.5 (0.2–1.2) |
|
| Tuberculosis incidence rate in the country of origin (/105) (b) |
<25 |
11 |
7 (63.6) |
2.0 (0.5–7.9) |
|
| 25–99 |
36 |
17 (47.2) |
1 |
|
|
| 100+ |
129 |
56 (43.4) |
0.9 (0.4–1.8) |
|
|
| Occupation |
No/Not available |
131 |
61 (46.6) |
1 |
|
| Yes |
45 |
19 (42.2) |
0.8 (0.4–1.7) |
|
|
| Legal status |
Regular |
120 |
48 (40.0) |
1 |
1 |
| Irregular |
56 |
32 (57.1) |
2.0 (1.1–3.8)† |
1.9 (0.9–4.1) |
|
| Place of residence |
Apartment |
83 |
38 (45.8) |
1 |
|
| Immigration centre |
44 |
20 (45.5) |
1.0 (0.5–2.1) |
|
|
| Homeless/dormitories |
44 |
20 (45.5) |
1.0 (0.5–2.1) |
|
|
| Other/Not available |
5 |
2 (40.0) |
0.8 (0.1–5.0) |
|
|
| NHS registration (c) |
No/Not available |
126 |
67 (53.2) |
1 |
1 |
| Yes |
50 |
13 (26.0) |
0.3 (0.2–0.6)† |
0.8 (0.2–2.9) |
|
| Previous healthcare in Italy |
No/Not available |
125 |
64 (51.2) |
1 |
1 |
| Yes |
51 |
16 (31.4) |
0.4 (0.2–0.9)† |
0.7 (0.3–1.5) |
|
| Education (yrs) | None/Not available |
38 |
19 (50.0) |
1 |
|
| 1–8 |
62 |
28 (45.2) |
0.8 (0.4–1.8) |
|
|
| 9+ | 76 | 33 (43.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | ||
* The sum could not add up to the total because of missing values;
OR: odds–ratio; MLR–OR: Multivariate–logistic regression odds ratio; CI: Confidence intervals †p<0.05; ‡p<0.10;
(a) A: Public health service for asylum seekers/refugees; B: NGO health service for migrants; C: Public health service for migrants;
(b) According to WHO estimates http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2010/en/index.html;
(c) Registration with the Italian National Health Service.