Table 4.
Association between sociodemographic characteristics of children and risk of paediatric nursing-sensitive outcomes
| LRTI | Pneumonia | GI infect | Sepsis | Arrest/shock/resp failure | CNS complication | CVL infect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of events |
395 |
337 |
342 |
136 |
94 |
92 |
58 |
| No. in risk pool |
42732 |
102877 |
24415 |
41807 |
106369 |
87926 |
74041 |
| |
Rate ratio (95% CI) |
Rate ratio (95% CI) |
Rate ratio (95% CI) |
Rate ratio (95% CI) |
Rate ratio (95% CI) |
Rate ratio (95% CI) |
Rate ratio (95% CI) |
| Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1-28 days (neonate) |
1.52 |
0.46 |
0.67 |
0.26 |
1.11 |
___a |
1.02 |
| (0.84, 2.75) |
(0.21, 1.00) |
(0.29, 1.58) |
(0.08, 0.90) |
(0.37, 3.36) |
|
(0.35, 3.00) |
|
| 29-365 days (infant) |
7.74 |
3.51 |
6.56 |
1.95 |
2.36 |
0.29 |
0.57 |
|
(5.11, 11.75) |
(2.34, 5.25) |
(4.17, 10.32) |
(1.07, 3.57) |
(1.03, 5.37) |
(0.09, 0.93) |
(0.20, 1.64) |
|
| > 1–3 years (toddler) |
7.40 |
4.19 |
9.89 |
3.62 |
5.48 |
0.31 |
1.95 |
|
(4.79, 11.45) |
(2.78, 6.30) |
(6.24, 15.69) |
(1.97, 6.64) |
(2.57, 11.66) |
(0.15, 0.65) |
(0.85, 4.46) |
|
| > 3–6 years (preschooler) |
5.19 |
2.38 |
3.95 |
2.73 |
2.63 |
0.29 |
0.26 |
|
(3.17, 8.48) |
(1.47, 3.87) |
(2.23, 6.98) |
(1.34, 5.59) |
(1.04, 6.65) |
(0.12, 0.75) |
(0.03, 1.97) |
|
| > 6-13 years (school-age) |
2.75 |
2.18 |
2.58 |
2.20 |
1.92 |
0.77 |
2.01 |
|
(1.76, 4.29) |
(1.47, 3.24) |
(1.57, 4.23) |
(1.23, 3.94) |
(0.87, 4.21) |
(0.48, 1.24) |
(0.99, 4.04) |
|
| > 13- ≤ 18 years (adolescent) |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
1.11 |
1.18 |
1.35 |
1.08 |
1.51 |
1.11 |
1.22 |
| (0.90, 1.36) |
(0.94, 1.47) |
(1.08, 1.70) |
(0.76, 1.54) |
(0.97, 2.34) |
(0.73, 1.69) |
(0.72, 2.05) |
|
| Female |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Socioeconomic status (IRSD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Least disadvantaged |
1.20 |
1.01 |
0.86 |
0.99 |
1.33 |
1.16 |
0.99 |
| (0.98, 1.47) |
(0.81, 1.27) |
(0.69, 1.08) |
(0.70, 1.41) |
(0.87, 2.02) |
(0.75, 1.78) |
(0.59, 1.68) |
|
| Most disadvantaged |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Residence (ARIA+) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Major city |
0.72 |
0.88 |
0.96 |
1.34 |
0.70 |
0.78 |
0.74 |
| (0.56, 1.00) |
(0.68, 1.13) |
(0.75, 1.24) |
(0.93, 1.94) |
(0.41, 1.20) |
(0.48, 1.28) |
(0.59, 1.68) |
|
| Regional or remote |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Case mix |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Medical |
3.01 |
0.70 |
3.40 |
0.87 |
2.08 |
3.69 |
0.99 |
| (2.18, 4.15) |
(0.55, 0.88) |
(2.26, 5.11) |
(0.58, 1.31) |
(1.11, 3.88) |
(1.76, 7.72) |
(0.56, 1.76) |
|
| Surgical |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Admission type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Emergency |
1.21 |
0.36 |
1.00 |
1.23 |
0.98 |
0.78 |
0.23 |
| (0.91, 1.62) |
(0.29, 0.46) |
(0.73, 1.37) |
(0.77, 1.97) |
(0.56, 1.73) |
(0.48, 1.28) |
(0.14, 0.40) |
|
| Elective |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Season |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Autumn |
1.00 |
1.28 |
1.28 |
0.87 |
0.81 |
0.88 |
1.68 |
| (0.94, 1.41) |
(0.90, 1.82) |
(0.90, 1.78) |
(0.53, 1.45) |
(0.41, 1.63) |
(0.48, 1.62) |
(0.81, 3.47) |
|
| Winter |
2.02 |
1.68 |
1.27 |
0.74 |
1.64 |
1.02 |
0.59 |
|
(1.51, 2.72) |
(1.21, 2.34) |
(0.91, 1.77) |
(0.45, 1.23) |
(0.91, 2.96) |
(0.56, 1.84) |
(0.24, 1.46) |
|
| Spring |
1.54 |
1.58 |
1.27 |
1.07 |
1.37 |
1.05 |
1.53 |
|
(1.13, 2.10) |
(1.13, 2.21) |
(0.90, 1.78) |
(0.67, 1.73) |
(0.74, 2.55) |
(0.58, 1.92) |
(0.72, 3.25) |
|
| Summer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Note. Multivariable Poisson generalised linear regression analyses, length of stay as log offset and adjusted for year of admission. LRTI = lower respiratory tract infection other than pneumonia; GI = gastrointestinal tract; CNS = central nervous system; CVL = central venous line; IRSD = index of relative socio-economic disadvantage; ARIA + =geographic measure of remoteness. Results in bold indicate statistical significance at p < .05. Pressure ulcer, infectious diseases and failure to rescue not included in table as no statistically significant risks on multivariate analysis.
a Neonates not included in risk pool.