Table 2.
Characteristics of Women Reporting Occasional Incontinence (n= 3916)
| Characteristic | HbA1c <6% (n=343) | HbA1c 6-7% (n=1388) | HbA1c 7-8% (n=1109) | HbA1c 8-9% (n=552) | HbA1c 9%+ (n=524) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Mean age, years (±SD) | 59.8 (10.4) | 60.7 (9.6) | 59.1 (9.5) | 57.0 (9.8) | 54.4 (9.9) | <0.001 (trend) |
| Ethnicity, % | ||||||
| White | 41 | 30 | 25 | 23 | 18 | <0.001 |
| Black | 13 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 24 | |
| Latino | 20 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 28 | |
| Asian | 11 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 3 | |
| Filipino | 5 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 10 | |
| Other | 10 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 17 | |
| Socioeconomic measures | ||||||
| Education, % | ||||||
| No degree/GED | 19 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 18 | 0.04 |
| HS/technical/AA | 59 | 56 | 56 | 58 | 60 | |
| Bachelors | 13 | 18 | 19 | 21 | 16 | |
| Post graduate | 9 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 6 | |
| Income, % | ||||||
| <$25,000 | 26 | 27 | 22 | 23 | 21 | 0.19 |
| $25,000–$49,999 | 32 | 31 | 32 | 31 | 35 | |
| $50,000–$79,999 | 21 | 22 | 25 | 26 | 24 | |
| ≥$80,000 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 20 | 20 | |
| DxCG comorbidity score (±SD) | 4.7 (6.1) | 4.5 (4.9) | 4.5 (4.3) | 5.2 (4.9) | 5.2 (5.1) | 0.004 (trend) |
| Number of births, % | ||||||
| 0 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 0.07 |
| 1–2 | 45 | 37 | 36 | 41 | 39 | |
| ≥3 | 42 | 52 | 52 | 46 | 48 | |
| Body mass index, % | ||||||
| <25 | 18 | 19 | 16 | 14 | 9 | <0.001 |
| 25–30 | 33 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 26 | |
| 30–35 | 22 | 23 | 27 | 25 | 28 | |
| >35 | 27 | 31 | 31 | 36 | 37 | |
| Diabetes duration in years (±SD) | 7.7 (8.0) | 9.6 (8.8) | 10.9 (8.6) | 12.2 (9.5) | 11.6 (8.0) | <0.001 (trend) |
| Diabetes treatment, % | ||||||
| Diet only | 36 | 18 | 4 | 2 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Pills only | 55 | 66 | 69 | 58 | 53 | |
| Insulin only | 6 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 15 | |
| Insulin and pills | 3 | 8 | 17 | 26 | 31 | |
| Limitations due to incontinence | ||||||
| No effect | 50 | 44 | 43 | 40 | 41 | 0.27 |
| Slight effect | 33 | 33 | 34 | 36 | 36 | |
| Moderate effect | 9 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | |
| Quite a bit/extreme effect | 8 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 12 | |
*
p-values are ANOVA for categorical variables and test for trend for continuous variables.