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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: Immunity. 2013 Oct 24;39(5):10.1016/j.immuni.2013.10.006. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.10.006

Figure 2. PLA2 induces a Th2 response through cleavage of membrane phospholipids to produce lysophospholipids.

Figure 2

(A–E) CD4+ GFP+ T cells from popliteal LNs of 4get mice 5 days after subcutaneous immunization with (A) active bvPLA2 or heat-inactivated bvPLA2 (C) OVA in the presence of LPC or AA (D) OVA, Crotalus atrox venom or Agkistrodon contortrix venom (E) OVA, Crotalus adamanteus venom, or Crotalus adamanteus PLA2. (B) PLA2 hydrolyzes phospholipids into arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophospholipids (e.g., LPC). All error bars show s.e.m. *P<0.05; **P<0.005. Data are representative of at least three experiments. See also Figure S2.