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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Gene. 2013 Oct 12;534(1):10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.114. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.114

Table 1.

Estimated times of pseudogenization (Tn).

Group Sequences Divergence times (Mya)
T1a T2a T3a Tn
coelacanths A: LchaS1ψ, B: LmenS1ψ, C: XlaeS1; AcarS1; ClivS1; HsapS1, D: DrerS1; SsalS1 455 430 5.5 138 ± 119d
seals A: PvitS1ψ, B: PgroS1ψ, C: CfamS1, D: BtauS1; SscrS1; HsapS1 89 44 7.8 16 ± 7d
cetaceans A: MnovS1ψ, B: TtruS1ψ; GmelS1ψ; MdenS1ψ, C: BtauS1; SscrS1, D: HsapS1 91 61 32.3 61e
prosimians A: GsenS1ψ NcouS1ψ, C: DmadS1; EfulS1, D: BtauS1; SscrS1; CfamS1 97 62 34.2 62e
bats A: RferS1ψ RaffS1ψ, C: TausS1; MfulS1, D: CfamS1; BtauS1; SscrS1 83 62 17 50f
cichlids A: NmonS1ψ; NbriS1ψ OnilS1, D: OlatS1; PretS1 104b 36b ? 16g
pearleye A: BdenS1ψ, C: SleuS1; OnilS1, D: DrerS1; SsalS1 284c 160c ? 134 ± 30h
a

The divergence times have been evaluated from TimeTree of Life (www.timetree.org).

b

The divergence times are taken from Genner et al. (2007).

c

The average divergence time between pearleye and lampfish (307 Mya) and between pearleye and tilapia (264 Mya).

d

The standard errors were estimated by a parametric Monte Carlo resampling (or the parametric bootstrap) method.

e

We were unable to compute proper standard errors because Tn was assumed to be equal to T2.

f

We were unable to compute proper standard errors because Tn was assumed to be equal to the divergence time (50 Mya) between the pseudogenes from Rhinolophus affinis (and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and the closely-related orthologous functional gene from Megaderma spasma (www.timetree.org)).

g

The data set used were dAC1 = 0.045, dAD1 = 0.125, dCD1 = 0.115, dAC2 = 0.022, dAD2 = 0.087, dCD2 = 0.067, dAC3 = 0.120, dAD3 = 0.505, and dCD3 = 0.481.

h

The data set used were dAC1 = 0.137, dAD1 = 0.221, dCD1 = 0.178, dAC2 = 0.090, dAD2 = 0.127, dCD2 = 0.094, dAC3 = 0.584, dAD3 = 0.677, and dCD3 = 0.795.

?: unknown.